{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE","short_pith_number":"pith:2HQJIB4U","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.02675","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-05T02:21:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"da107074d63f3c299cdc74b17bf2d1d35f926ba37a627794ac0acc58660f6cbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"53ddf6eff15fd4e342edabcfd8bc36be008f5b5211ec62d7b76fd574387893cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1e0940794676835f35224ce32b97f511c0aa35d4b279ce08b1572e2a2ab8276","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.02675","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.02675","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.02675v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.02675","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2HQJIB4UM5UD","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2HQJIB4UM5UDL42S","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2HQJIB4U","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.02675","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-05T02:21:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"da107074d63f3c299cdc74b17bf2d1d35f926ba37a627794ac0acc58660f6cbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"53ddf6eff15fd4e342edabcfd8bc36be008f5b5211ec62d7b76fd574387893cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1e0940794676835f35224ce32b97f511c0aa35d4b279ce08b1572e2a2ab8276","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49.409829Z","signature_b64":"8/QXU4dw/wzCMaLznBROwuSpCb8paChXeR5L/SXkKXeJdJl3M6k6ZSdxlXzbVULLPN00PQzy17jO64deS8KCCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d1e0940794676835f35224ce32b97f511c0aa35d4b279ce08b1572e2a2ab8276","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49.409333Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49.409333Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.02675","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RN0zn84R++Q/w1EYirHa0+TYuk/xMXIpmx+15Uo9sBcFzQo4Miy/1x0U4M/nGXNyTsb4hTM+eSxu1MU23w0UCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T04:38:16.780497Z"},"content_sha256":"12ab241f5b7069eaf8a34091f0ba3630e573268ef0128e8a3c0a9142329cf3a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:12ab241f5b7069eaf8a34091f0ba3630e573268ef0128e8a3c0a9142329cf3a1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Verifiable evaluations of machine learning models using zkSNARKs","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Alexander Camuto, Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Christian Paquin, Jason Morton, Robert Mahari, Shayla Nguyen, Shrey Jain, Tobin South","submitted_at":"2024-02-05T02:21:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"In a world of increasing closed-source commercial machine learning models, model evaluations from developers must be taken at face value. These benchmark results-whether over task accuracy, bias evaluations, or safety checks-are traditionally impossible to verify by a model end-user without the costly or impossible process of re-performing the benchmark on black-box model outputs. This work presents a method of verifiable model evaluation using model inference through zkSNARKs. The resulting zero-knowledge computational proofs of model outputs over datasets can be packaged into verifiable eval"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.02675","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.02675/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u+omDmjDaUI94wRGLA5E97g2kNYIf+IN1ouLYOApah4xy5au4kWUerW0AlrlMNpltzrTVOoH/veBW2mfC2jXBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T04:38:16.781019Z"},"content_sha256":"6bebd6130c133afeacd453372dab08d5220988d0cda6c889d6747bca1fdcea5e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6bebd6130c133afeacd453372dab08d5220988d0cda6c889d6747bca1fdcea5e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T04:38:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:2HQJIB4UM5UDL42SETHDFOL7KE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"53ddf6eff15fd4e342edabcfd8bc36be008f5b5211ec62d7b76fd574387893cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-05T02:21:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"da107074d63f3c299cdc74b17bf2d1d35f926ba37a627794ac0acc58660f6cbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.02675","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.02675","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.02675v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.02675","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2HQJIB4UM5UD","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2HQJIB4UM5UDL42S","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2HQJIB4U","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6bebd6130c133afeacd453372dab08d5220988d0cda6c889d6747bca1fdcea5e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.02675/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In a world of increasing closed-source commercial machine learning models, model evaluations from developers must be taken at face value. These benchmark results-whether over task accuracy, bias evaluations, or safety checks-are traditionally impossible to verify by a model end-user without the costly or impossible process of re-performing the benchmark on black-box model outputs. This work presents a method of verifiable model evaluation using model inference through zkSNARKs. The resulting zero-knowledge computational proofs of model outputs over datasets can be packaged into verifiable eval","authors_text":"Alexander Camuto, Alex 'Sandy' Pentland, Christian Paquin, Jason Morton, Robert Mahari, Shayla Nguyen, Shrey Jain, Tobin South","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-05T02:21:11Z","title":"Verifiable evaluations of machine learning models using zkSNARKs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.02675","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:12ab241f5b7069eaf8a34091f0ba3630e573268ef0128e8a3c0a9142329cf3a1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"53ddf6eff15fd4e342edabcfd8bc36be008f5b5211ec62d7b76fd574387893cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-05T02:21:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"da107074d63f3c299cdc74b17bf2d1d35f926ba37a627794ac0acc58660f6cbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.02675","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d1e0940794676835f35224ce32b97f511c0aa35d4b279ce08b1572e2a2ab8276","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d1e0940794676835f35224ce32b97f511c0aa35d4b279ce08b1572e2a2ab8276","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49.409333Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49.409333Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8/QXU4dw/wzCMaLznBROwuSpCb8paChXeR5L/SXkKXeJdJl3M6k6ZSdxlXzbVULLPN00PQzy17jO64deS8KCCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:21:49.409829Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.02675","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:12ab241f5b7069eaf8a34091f0ba3630e573268ef0128e8a3c0a9142329cf3a1","sha256:6bebd6130c133afeacd453372dab08d5220988d0cda6c889d6747bca1fdcea5e"],"state_sha256":"62360c5361b42782eed0f267637880e6f9a8a4c1c2539c65bec041a5ab7ba30e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wBDtDWCWdOfeACN2fiEQk5T/3lFmLo5jYXUpwUXHMjTrZF56RozVvgbrtmj+bVqQVtEhE2eGmSVQSJEouFE7Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T04:38:16.784924Z","bundle_sha256":"a2b3cbabebc41c4d581816723f2f1dc004c5bdc04306ce438bbbcd9871c8f2c5"}}