{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7","short_pith_number":"pith:2I356L5I","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.07353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T02:59:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"861f67935d772bc81835b997e5ba3ef74b0c5cf0f0bea6141346622cc1740299","abstract_canon_sha256":"3c4d4964355ad9feb3ef129a436f650d502d910fd26a195c8837387778eb3f00"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d237df2fa832881471e777afdab1cd9fd6c2086844caf53d789b0e665e4be851","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2509.07353","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.07353","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.07353v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.07353","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2I356L5IGKEB","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2I356L5IGKEBI4PH","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2I356L5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.07353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T02:59:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"861f67935d772bc81835b997e5ba3ef74b0c5cf0f0bea6141346622cc1740299","abstract_canon_sha256":"3c4d4964355ad9feb3ef129a436f650d502d910fd26a195c8837387778eb3f00"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d237df2fa832881471e777afdab1cd9fd6c2086844caf53d789b0e665e4be851","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20.149392Z","signature_b64":"hBwz40YrstQnT18XUQkeHxoYO6fJUjpV0lW1AoEdm9500bng/mX+gnOyfkh7Ui2IHsIDJJ5gbIH9UWClqxuHBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d237df2fa832881471e777afdab1cd9fd6c2086844caf53d789b0e665e4be851","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20.148925Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20.148925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2509.07353","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vFD/MnpAsbD8rsorHRPQdkRtUtyrKOkGR0g3X015IusybknvMirw0Dq8M6bm46a+tHUaN2BxQXsup53tR0yDAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T12:54:08.840930Z"},"content_sha256":"669a6397f226662e16edd1c62e3d9455f8cb0aa4ee695f090e93607c0038fcfa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:669a6397f226662e16edd1c62e3d9455f8cb0aa4ee695f090e93607c0038fcfa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Conditions for Bar Formation in Bulgeless Disk Galaxies","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Dajeong Jang (SNU), Woong-Tae Kim (SNU), Yun Hee Lee (KNU)","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T02:59:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"While bars are commonly observed in disk galaxies, the precise conditions governing their formation remain incompletely understood. To investigate these conditions, we perform a suite of N-body simulations of bulgeless disk galaxies with stellar masses in the range $10^9 \\leq M_d \\leq 10^{11} \\;M_\\odot$. Our galaxy models are constructed based on the observed properties of nearby barred galaxies from the S4G survey, and we systematically vary the halo scale radius to isolate its dynamical influence. Bars in our simulations form via repeated swing amplifications of disk perturbations, sustained"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.07353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2509.07353/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZsutlNDrgZA0iJKCey7+4hVkEFuUJh7GeLsA1JqFKH4svWBtGPAhWLwrd2RnhcPINhWnc4cvMngxvoFBeeclCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T12:54:08.841423Z"},"content_sha256":"555bd3e190e9d3ed19006d38a732efa8418dc466f9dbe098f2d57fd1fe6eb58d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:555bd3e190e9d3ed19006d38a732efa8418dc466f9dbe098f2d57fd1fe6eb58d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T12:54:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:2I356L5IGKEBI4PHO6X5VMONT7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c4d4964355ad9feb3ef129a436f650d502d910fd26a195c8837387778eb3f00","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T02:59:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"861f67935d772bc81835b997e5ba3ef74b0c5cf0f0bea6141346622cc1740299"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2509.07353","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.07353","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.07353v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.07353","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2I356L5IGKEB","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2I356L5IGKEBI4PH","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2I356L5I","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:555bd3e190e9d3ed19006d38a732efa8418dc466f9dbe098f2d57fd1fe6eb58d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2509.07353/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"While bars are commonly observed in disk galaxies, the precise conditions governing their formation remain incompletely understood. To investigate these conditions, we perform a suite of N-body simulations of bulgeless disk galaxies with stellar masses in the range $10^9 \\leq M_d \\leq 10^{11} \\;M_\\odot$. Our galaxy models are constructed based on the observed properties of nearby barred galaxies from the S4G survey, and we systematically vary the halo scale radius to isolate its dynamical influence. Bars in our simulations form via repeated swing amplifications of disk perturbations, sustained","authors_text":"Dajeong Jang (SNU), Woong-Tae Kim (SNU), Yun Hee Lee (KNU)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T02:59:42Z","title":"Conditions for Bar Formation in Bulgeless Disk Galaxies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.07353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:669a6397f226662e16edd1c62e3d9455f8cb0aa4ee695f090e93607c0038fcfa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c4d4964355ad9feb3ef129a436f650d502d910fd26a195c8837387778eb3f00","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-09T02:59:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"861f67935d772bc81835b997e5ba3ef74b0c5cf0f0bea6141346622cc1740299"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2509.07353","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d237df2fa832881471e777afdab1cd9fd6c2086844caf53d789b0e665e4be851","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d237df2fa832881471e777afdab1cd9fd6c2086844caf53d789b0e665e4be851","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20.148925Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20.148925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hBwz40YrstQnT18XUQkeHxoYO6fJUjpV0lW1AoEdm9500bng/mX+gnOyfkh7Ui2IHsIDJJ5gbIH9UWClqxuHBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:20.149392Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2509.07353","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:669a6397f226662e16edd1c62e3d9455f8cb0aa4ee695f090e93607c0038fcfa","sha256:555bd3e190e9d3ed19006d38a732efa8418dc466f9dbe098f2d57fd1fe6eb58d"],"state_sha256":"b71eea79651cadc26fcfb544851afc5736f587505521f570193eb68367cfceea"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nD6n76XdHp3pESiCRXyOrNxW1inPkN+FPnMqiNHFT0m1ZKVK3ShuDvxEcs+RBX6k6G7s5ZHUIY1TiSss32+1Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T12:54:08.845539Z","bundle_sha256":"38d5e36cccf5b3c366951c39e921ab38a496a913650b551fef4e5179f9529a2a"}}