{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW","short_pith_number":"pith:2ISUQDSR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.00744","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"6f1401d6f7542441522c9091c962575bbce698cc4db6bce793be38c0cc2df2e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4d7646ec19d0509e1aa4f0eafa091a43f4211db3ef771d7a45c3feec7f903f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d225480e5186a15e123b97eccd8e9245a912aadd54213b5e7656cb12fd1f06f6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.00744","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.00744","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.00744v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.00744","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ISUQDSRQ2QV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ISUQDSR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.00744","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"6f1401d6f7542441522c9091c962575bbce698cc4db6bce793be38c0cc2df2e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4d7646ec19d0509e1aa4f0eafa091a43f4211db3ef771d7a45c3feec7f903f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d225480e5186a15e123b97eccd8e9245a912aadd54213b5e7656cb12fd1f06f6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06.373574Z","signature_b64":"1yoI2x44xDgLcTmlugVm6dl2ZVjM7yEOXCZLxF+Vdinzgu3NGXm15l9TNobhwPT1KhA0XtVufappDR0KHPfxDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d225480e5186a15e123b97eccd8e9245a912aadd54213b5e7656cb12fd1f06f6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06.373155Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06.373155Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2311.00744","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vWZzlxlcItFmyAnerHy/1LwywVsevsjiS36E8I7w5UO8TKhiS2vwEaLONRWPiWsWdcpQLguTn/Gy85jURbMsCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T08:44:38.492190Z"},"content_sha256":"c28b2a34e49ad875fb029a6c60338c48c11652f71a1529083d5527c7d65de309","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c28b2a34e49ad875fb029a6c60338c48c11652f71a1529083d5527c7d65de309"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A bias-corrected luminosity function for red supergiant supernova progenitor stars","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Avishay Gal-Yam, Eran O. Ofek, Nora L. Strotjohann","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T18:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The apparent tension between the luminosity functions of red supergiant (RSG) stars and of RSG progenitors of Type II supernovae (SNe) is often referred to as the RSG problem and it motivated some to suggest that many RSGs end their life without a SN explosion. However, the luminosity functions of RSG SN progenitors presented so far were biased to high luminosities, because the sensitivity of the search was not considered. Here, we use limiting magnitudes to calculate a bias-corrected RSG progenitor luminosity function. We find that only $(36\\pm11)\\%$ of all RSG progenitors are brighter than a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.00744","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.00744/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hF3qFXHByyDW98hD/IVaXKed7H0v10QdlNmYxzk2Y2GOun54VGlZjdgMN7LgKFYMB6G2woZ7xryzLXQjwQxRBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T08:44:38.493196Z"},"content_sha256":"a0e27bf6db4489d36e5dab670e3d1a6dd5d3aebb40ef87dd2814311a2c307e87","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a0e27bf6db4489d36e5dab670e3d1a6dd5d3aebb40ef87dd2814311a2c307e87"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T08:44:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3S7WM3DUSIW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4d7646ec19d0509e1aa4f0eafa091a43f4211db3ef771d7a45c3feec7f903f","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"6f1401d6f7542441522c9091c962575bbce698cc4db6bce793be38c0cc2df2e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.00744","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.00744","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.00744v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.00744","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ISUQDSRQ2QV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ISUQDSRQ2QV4ER3","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ISUQDSR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a0e27bf6db4489d36e5dab670e3d1a6dd5d3aebb40ef87dd2814311a2c307e87","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2311.00744/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The apparent tension between the luminosity functions of red supergiant (RSG) stars and of RSG progenitors of Type II supernovae (SNe) is often referred to as the RSG problem and it motivated some to suggest that many RSGs end their life without a SN explosion. However, the luminosity functions of RSG SN progenitors presented so far were biased to high luminosities, because the sensitivity of the search was not considered. Here, we use limiting magnitudes to calculate a bias-corrected RSG progenitor luminosity function. We find that only $(36\\pm11)\\%$ of all RSG progenitors are brighter than a","authors_text":"Avishay Gal-Yam, Eran O. Ofek, Nora L. Strotjohann","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T18:00:01Z","title":"A bias-corrected luminosity function for red supergiant supernova progenitor stars"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.00744","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c28b2a34e49ad875fb029a6c60338c48c11652f71a1529083d5527c7d65de309","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4d7646ec19d0509e1aa4f0eafa091a43f4211db3ef771d7a45c3feec7f903f","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"6f1401d6f7542441522c9091c962575bbce698cc4db6bce793be38c0cc2df2e4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.00744","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d225480e5186a15e123b97eccd8e9245a912aadd54213b5e7656cb12fd1f06f6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d225480e5186a15e123b97eccd8e9245a912aadd54213b5e7656cb12fd1f06f6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06.373155Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06.373155Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1yoI2x44xDgLcTmlugVm6dl2ZVjM7yEOXCZLxF+Vdinzgu3NGXm15l9TNobhwPT1KhA0XtVufappDR0KHPfxDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:47:06.373574Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2311.00744","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c28b2a34e49ad875fb029a6c60338c48c11652f71a1529083d5527c7d65de309","sha256:a0e27bf6db4489d36e5dab670e3d1a6dd5d3aebb40ef87dd2814311a2c307e87"],"state_sha256":"6c9a720b6efee4a971813f9f4ca60bfc340921072faf20733acb6ae8a24d1c79"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ct/AgVCaUVTfGDP9a0axa1lsZFvdptnuEgB2336LCflpCgz4slHPaMddL/o06nTcuiRwxkZppqdYfvMsGX9yBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T08:44:38.499005Z","bundle_sha256":"176ddc04935fc317a2559f5f41e4ebb6c73f89bbd315c348645df09beec14f8d"}}