{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA","short_pith_number":"pith:2IX532VG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.28749","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2026-06-27T05:56:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"8062f7b1c04e0bfb9bc4a2f572cb892be8cb2ab06ced2d4d6b9b8f291477e8bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"477dc1c57c8a4095c82d4d8a27cabd62fed6dbf1607b5522299ed12caea50976"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d22fddeaa68d5052dcbbf4d5d7c7c7182e8957b48f242ad9706d8d73f32d3c7e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2606.28749","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.28749","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.28749v1","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.28749","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2IX532VGRVIF","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2IX532VGRVIFFXF3","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2IX532VG","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.28749","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2026-06-27T05:56:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"8062f7b1c04e0bfb9bc4a2f572cb892be8cb2ab06ced2d4d6b9b8f291477e8bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"477dc1c57c8a4095c82d4d8a27cabd62fed6dbf1607b5522299ed12caea50976"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d22fddeaa68d5052dcbbf4d5d7c7c7182e8957b48f242ad9706d8d73f32d3c7e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50.276586Z","signature_b64":"JEIk1Pkrctal71vUKyacf43qRi9XlkvwtfBCrD1yEMMzCVVNFXDy7QeVwA9HPBzvMZT/d1lcE75emraTs7tNAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d22fddeaa68d5052dcbbf4d5d7c7c7182e8957b48f242ad9706d8d73f32d3c7e","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50.275893Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50.275893Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2606.28749","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"t8AyfTHCIB1FPP+CkI4e84cBOEJEMUiJCKqSMsr27F/GqvKj+sAhJBeeNy3TUvO9O/BJGvPTQlG6+aEDTrWWCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T21:24:38.702873Z"},"content_sha256":"ca7f5c0a1936653986f8883d20bd0b89d62eace2d64b1e273759f01ee983acce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ca7f5c0a1936653986f8883d20bd0b89d62eace2d64b1e273759f01ee983acce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Four Types of LLM Reliance and Their Predictors Among Undergraduate Writers: A Mixed-Methods Study at a Minority-Serving R1 University","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Shahin Hossain","submitted_at":"2026-06-27T05:56:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Although most undergraduates now use large language models (LLMs), a form of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for academic writing, no validated method distinguishes the qualitatively different ways students rely on them. Existing instruments assess reliance solely by frequency of use, a measure that, as this study shows, inadvertently rewards dependence on AI rather than recognizing students' own intellectual contribution. Conducted at a public minority-serving university and grounded in the AI Literacy Framework, Expectancy-Value Theory, and Biggs's Presage-Process-Product model, t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.28749","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.28749/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"moh6Uo0vhm5h5vT114kyBJwz9CSfH3ProOQYzJrigI0vUO4JxfBuIa3gPdVUIjzlzQ0tF/OkBCFciRvkeP91Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T21:24:38.703260Z"},"content_sha256":"3b83a5c45f7cc2c71c5764931215d76e56e32b5a476f739e30f17f9925970349","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3b83a5c45f7cc2c71c5764931215d76e56e32b5a476f739e30f17f9925970349"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-30T21:24:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:2IX532VGRVIFFXF36TK5PR6HDA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"477dc1c57c8a4095c82d4d8a27cabd62fed6dbf1607b5522299ed12caea50976","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2026-06-27T05:56:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"8062f7b1c04e0bfb9bc4a2f572cb892be8cb2ab06ced2d4d6b9b8f291477e8bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.28749","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.28749","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.28749v1","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.28749","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2IX532VGRVIF","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2IX532VGRVIFFXF3","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2IX532VG","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3b83a5c45f7cc2c71c5764931215d76e56e32b5a476f739e30f17f9925970349","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2606.28749/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Although most undergraduates now use large language models (LLMs), a form of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for academic writing, no validated method distinguishes the qualitatively different ways students rely on them. Existing instruments assess reliance solely by frequency of use, a measure that, as this study shows, inadvertently rewards dependence on AI rather than recognizing students' own intellectual contribution. Conducted at a public minority-serving university and grounded in the AI Literacy Framework, Expectancy-Value Theory, and Biggs's Presage-Process-Product model, t","authors_text":"Shahin Hossain","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2026-06-27T05:56:03Z","title":"Four Types of LLM Reliance and Their Predictors Among Undergraduate Writers: A Mixed-Methods Study at a Minority-Serving R1 University"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.28749","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ca7f5c0a1936653986f8883d20bd0b89d62eace2d64b1e273759f01ee983acce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"477dc1c57c8a4095c82d4d8a27cabd62fed6dbf1607b5522299ed12caea50976","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2026-06-27T05:56:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"8062f7b1c04e0bfb9bc4a2f572cb892be8cb2ab06ced2d4d6b9b8f291477e8bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.28749","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d22fddeaa68d5052dcbbf4d5d7c7c7182e8957b48f242ad9706d8d73f32d3c7e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d22fddeaa68d5052dcbbf4d5d7c7c7182e8957b48f242ad9706d8d73f32d3c7e","first_computed_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50.275893Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50.275893Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JEIk1Pkrctal71vUKyacf43qRi9XlkvwtfBCrD1yEMMzCVVNFXDy7QeVwA9HPBzvMZT/d1lcE75emraTs7tNAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-30T01:16:50.276586Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2606.28749","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ca7f5c0a1936653986f8883d20bd0b89d62eace2d64b1e273759f01ee983acce","sha256:3b83a5c45f7cc2c71c5764931215d76e56e32b5a476f739e30f17f9925970349"],"state_sha256":"09a6fc15ad9e61bfe99c4641d197738fa55538eddf6db34364d184a9dd1ae50e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dmNL6816abkvcFfA3L/Mp2xrANAdUSJtOCT6tXPByWtmm8kvthPs5L9zXODrmtBq5548jdUk9PQ8QVXHTNxMAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T21:24:38.705626Z","bundle_sha256":"37f0207ec8385f32cd2467608993791e745564f3b3855ef9915259afb467b5a7"}}