{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:2JSYTMS6HUNEIASGDCT56N7KJB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"745c1088536ec87dbaa92024df9d7eea641c86cb0c870ad3fb34b2f66671cb34","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T07:32:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"1622c40eb5adbb69b542210247a017015a3dd4dd4123518540dfc8b9707960a6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.17200","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.17200","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.17200v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.17200","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2JSYTMS6HUNE","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2JSYTMS6HUNEIASG","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2JSYTMS6","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a33d261d4ca7077771de74aa99cd6bf7960686d43a51cf2960836196d5e15543","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2310.17200/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning, a decentralized approach to machine learning, faces significant challenges such as extensive communication overheads, slow convergence, and unstable improvements. These challenges primarily stem from the gradient variance due to heterogeneous client data distributions. To address this, we introduce a novel Networked Control Variates (FedNCV) framework for Federated Learning. We adopt the REINFORCE Leave-One-Out (RLOO) as a fundamental control variate unit in the FedNCV framework, implemented at both client and server levels. At the client level, the RLOO control variate is ","authors_text":"Huaming Du, Mu Wang, Xingyan Chen, Yaling Liu, Yu Zhao","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T07:32:52Z","title":"Taming Gradient Variance in Federated Learning with Networked Control Variates"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.17200","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:370a242d40d0dc633ec203d687fdff45bd2dbeceddc0bfafcb087eb76f75f6c0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"745c1088536ec87dbaa92024df9d7eea641c86cb0c870ad3fb34b2f66671cb34","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T07:32:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"1622c40eb5adbb69b542210247a017015a3dd4dd4123518540dfc8b9707960a6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.17200","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d26589b25e3d1a44024618a7df37ea487495cdf76f69ae2f8c4382dfe55b8acb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d26589b25e3d1a44024618a7df37ea487495cdf76f69ae2f8c4382dfe55b8acb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21.264531Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21.264531Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nXs+B99qcdAg4LtyF+6LgpX95LMmfBkBnFjsaQU/iPSDwKZLf2ZjHf8RoTq1felLMBb8p1HQjcPgw4qnwqnIAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:21.265060Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2310.17200","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:370a242d40d0dc633ec203d687fdff45bd2dbeceddc0bfafcb087eb76f75f6c0","sha256:a33d261d4ca7077771de74aa99cd6bf7960686d43a51cf2960836196d5e15543"],"state_sha256":"8f9ae11ad1c53ba66055f2c7a831009800fb73c8cb399048f51c6f310a2997a2"}