{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2022:2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA","short_pith_number":"pith:2KASOLC6","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"d281272c5e54f8f26059ec5d77d1677817f2cbd57ced2840e2abfd671a23e2f3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2211.12613","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"(Nearly) Model-Independent Constraints on the Neutral Hydrogen Fraction in the Intergalactic Medium at $z\\sim 5-7$ Using Dark Pixel Fractions in Ly$\\alpha$ and Ly$\\beta$ Forests","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Anna-Christina Eilers, Bram Venemans, Eduardo Ba\\~nados, Emanuele Paolo Farina, Fabian Walter, Fabio Pacucci, Feige Wang, Frederick B. Davies, Fuyan Bian, Jinyi Yang, Joseph F. Hennawi, Xiangyu Jin, Xiaohui Fan","submitted_at":"2022-11-22T22:24:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Cosmic reionization was the last major phase transition of hydrogen from neutral to highly ionized in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Current observations show that the IGM is significantly neutral at $z>7$, and largely ionized by $z\\sim5.5$. However, most methods to measure the IGM neutral fraction are highly model-dependent, and are limited to when the volume-averaged neutral fraction of the IGM is either relatively low ($\\bar{x}_{\\rm HI} \\lesssim 10^{-3}$) or close to unity ($\\bar{x}_{\\rm HI}\\sim 1$). In particular, the neutral fraction evolution of the IGM at the critical redshift range of"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2211.12613","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2022-11-22T22:24:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"d8af0a51e3253844c31b83e689acfed4bd45181972d00ec9f75e591d9f293f37","abstract_canon_sha256":"f23cd0e134181038a24493b1bb96ecfd94cc682241e6a1854bcf48c8f6934a2c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017681Z","signature_b64":"e5HUAVZQ3o+UlQKTK0128ZTBFOCIZnd9RKL1Zgx3HagxbI97u2vNopK+4ryOfjjbxixcBDuGzkL72JJhopgIAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d281272c5e54f8f26059ec5d77d1677817f2cbd57ced2840e2abfd671a23e2f3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017122Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017122Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"(Nearly) Model-Independent Constraints on the Neutral Hydrogen Fraction in the Intergalactic Medium at $z\\sim 5-7$ Using Dark Pixel Fractions in Ly$\\alpha$ and Ly$\\beta$ Forests","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Anna-Christina Eilers, Bram Venemans, Eduardo Ba\\~nados, Emanuele Paolo Farina, Fabian Walter, Fabio Pacucci, Feige Wang, Frederick B. Davies, Fuyan Bian, Jinyi Yang, Joseph F. Hennawi, Xiangyu Jin, Xiaohui Fan","submitted_at":"2022-11-22T22:24:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Cosmic reionization was the last major phase transition of hydrogen from neutral to highly ionized in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Current observations show that the IGM is significantly neutral at $z>7$, and largely ionized by $z\\sim5.5$. However, most methods to measure the IGM neutral fraction are highly model-dependent, and are limited to when the volume-averaged neutral fraction of the IGM is either relatively low ($\\bar{x}_{\\rm HI} \\lesssim 10^{-3}$) or close to unity ($\\bar{x}_{\\rm HI}\\sim 1$). In particular, the neutral fraction evolution of the IGM at the critical redshift range of"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2211.12613","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2211.12613/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2211.12613","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017191+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2211.12613v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017191+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2211.12613","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017191+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2KASOLC6KT4P","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017191+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017191+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2KASOLC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017191+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":3,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.19449","citing_title":"A self-consistent analytical model for both the photoionization rate and reionization history","ref_index":84,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.22489","citing_title":"Machine Learning Techniques for Astrophysics and Cosmology: Lyman-$\\alpha$ forest","ref_index":93,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2602.15803","citing_title":"Nearest Neighbour-Based Statistics for 21cm-Galaxy Cross-Correlations in the Epoch of Reionization","ref_index":17,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA","json":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/2KASOLC6"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/2KASOLC6","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2211.12613&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/2KASOLC6KT4PEYCZ5ROXPULHPA/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017191+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T05:33:54.017191+00:00"}