{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO","short_pith_number":"pith:2KFLFCF2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.00939","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:06:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB","cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"428883aa9580b101d780155d82ef8326156153cd9005858ad684723c11c91451","abstract_canon_sha256":"b5910ecc013a8f6e570bd0dd4305cde2db8a2ad7b57155abe95e16e8834d203f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d28ab288baefaba7e82ce64bdbc28a2b8bcb8ebb60a2805efffe3bc04713dc9f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.00939","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.00939","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.00939v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.00939","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2KFLFCF256V2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2KFLFCF256V2P2BM","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2KFLFCF2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.00939","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:06:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB","cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"428883aa9580b101d780155d82ef8326156153cd9005858ad684723c11c91451","abstract_canon_sha256":"b5910ecc013a8f6e570bd0dd4305cde2db8a2ad7b57155abe95e16e8834d203f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d28ab288baefaba7e82ce64bdbc28a2b8bcb8ebb60a2805efffe3bc04713dc9f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28.120338Z","signature_b64":"KCS3dKSG1yzdUVL7oUMcykJ6a7ZZH8cn8wfA6q0CwN2Gsb/gZsavS262o74IdQMEcG8QrYnD7/L1MfT0krX4CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d28ab288baefaba7e82ce64bdbc28a2b8bcb8ebb60a2805efffe3bc04713dc9f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28.119844Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28.119844Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.00939","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qfeChYMyTSOsui3EcAII4gX7GQ4403qNypp350wEEo42UH4LdL7aNyERJrKyYnvPUgyblTY+jhygOqYwaW7LCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T01:31:11.473958Z"},"content_sha256":"f2a010c44fbcbe82ecb66dd42ca8bbe68b371796140fa1fe0ff7a64d15620291","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f2a010c44fbcbe82ecb66dd42ca8bbe68b371796140fa1fe0ff7a64d15620291"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Local Obfuscation Mechanisms for Hiding Probability Distributions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DB","cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Takao Murakami, Yusuke Kawamoto","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:06:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a formal model for the information leakage of probability distributions and define a notion called distribution privacy as the local differential privacy for probability distributions. Roughly, the distribution privacy of a local obfuscation mechanism means that the attacker cannot significantly gain any information on the distribution of the mechanism's input by observing its output. Then we show that existing local mechanisms can hide input distributions in terms of distribution privacy, while deteriorating the utility by adding too much noise. For example, we prove that the Lap"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.00939","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1812.00939/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wc1CxqazOAtcbnMoPNJKkPXGHyxma6QGoMjRgXzvvvVmzMW2SFEBPbtqnMD6f3suTBQ6aRbmNHmBVmu49pRODw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T01:31:11.474482Z"},"content_sha256":"1421cbd8f6d871226d3ab9e48a8b3d655113de48ee80a2502ba0fcd670011153","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1421cbd8f6d871226d3ab9e48a8b3d655113de48ee80a2502ba0fcd670011153"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T01:31:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2KFLFCF256V2P2BM4ZF5XQUKFO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b5910ecc013a8f6e570bd0dd4305cde2db8a2ad7b57155abe95e16e8834d203f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB","cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:06:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"428883aa9580b101d780155d82ef8326156153cd9005858ad684723c11c91451"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.00939","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.00939","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.00939v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.00939","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2KFLFCF256V2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2KFLFCF256V2P2BM","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2KFLFCF2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1421cbd8f6d871226d3ab9e48a8b3d655113de48ee80a2502ba0fcd670011153","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1812.00939/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a formal model for the information leakage of probability distributions and define a notion called distribution privacy as the local differential privacy for probability distributions. Roughly, the distribution privacy of a local obfuscation mechanism means that the attacker cannot significantly gain any information on the distribution of the mechanism's input by observing its output. Then we show that existing local mechanisms can hide input distributions in terms of distribution privacy, while deteriorating the utility by adding too much noise. For example, we prove that the Lap","authors_text":"Takao Murakami, Yusuke Kawamoto","cross_cats":["cs.DB","cs.IT","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:06:20Z","title":"Local Obfuscation Mechanisms for Hiding Probability Distributions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.00939","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f2a010c44fbcbe82ecb66dd42ca8bbe68b371796140fa1fe0ff7a64d15620291","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b5910ecc013a8f6e570bd0dd4305cde2db8a2ad7b57155abe95e16e8834d203f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DB","cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-03T18:06:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"428883aa9580b101d780155d82ef8326156153cd9005858ad684723c11c91451"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.00939","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"d28ab288baefaba7e82ce64bdbc28a2b8bcb8ebb60a2805efffe3bc04713dc9f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d28ab288baefaba7e82ce64bdbc28a2b8bcb8ebb60a2805efffe3bc04713dc9f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28.119844Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28.119844Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KCS3dKSG1yzdUVL7oUMcykJ6a7ZZH8cn8wfA6q0CwN2Gsb/gZsavS262o74IdQMEcG8QrYnD7/L1MfT0krX4CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:31:28.120338Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.00939","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f2a010c44fbcbe82ecb66dd42ca8bbe68b371796140fa1fe0ff7a64d15620291","sha256:1421cbd8f6d871226d3ab9e48a8b3d655113de48ee80a2502ba0fcd670011153"],"state_sha256":"d18f73c8623b913d6bcfa4dc8b566156bca20c0bf231b76d0ebfef6bbae0f54c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XBXHlCurDd/PUaPQ7spsFNgs44alXGhY7AAtuZSGN+hPhUqFnze+/LoYk9/cvwHj8wtZl1d5jRXE3Fuj9F9ZCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T01:31:11.478568Z","bundle_sha256":"982076e3149c4ad6767b3f443edd42b6c5ec476f87c4671fa99a29e56a69a483"}}