{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2001:2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF","short_pith_number":"pith:2KKDJRQN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0111408","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-11-21T11:10:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ba6ec5ceb1ce59b8877409ffed841650580ce482c59d6a1051e1cc68bb8cfde5","abstract_canon_sha256":"144f48481a2f2a21fe0f915f789904dbc31cfe8d5194fcdb9429f47614a4ca10"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d29434c60dd56173bd8bdf4927e09269582f99a93cbf28156d3f14c01c1266b1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0111408","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0111408","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0111408v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0111408","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2KKDJRQN2VQX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2KKDJRQN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2001:2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0111408","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-11-21T11:10:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ba6ec5ceb1ce59b8877409ffed841650580ce482c59d6a1051e1cc68bb8cfde5","abstract_canon_sha256":"144f48481a2f2a21fe0f915f789904dbc31cfe8d5194fcdb9429f47614a4ca10"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d29434c60dd56173bd8bdf4927e09269582f99a93cbf28156d3f14c01c1266b1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45.278635Z","signature_b64":"C6q5e0y5Kwg66tlsqCFXAvWr1r78QaLxtoCQsJhlCVkY3u4BwvHSBot/ggdJr+FWNvM4gjK+Op1jbBe1nZBMCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d29434c60dd56173bd8bdf4927e09269582f99a93cbf28156d3f14c01c1266b1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45.278108Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45.278108Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0111408","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T81oX3QDkj8Jw5tAmJUwwf/Kkujj3WbLtK/BJS0TWw7KrPJ5w9rqGnzxGcvJtbrKke94mg3NWB9TDwN/qNwpCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T19:24:18.590605Z"},"content_sha256":"4a4969672e68da661ebd0fc4fccd4f1e250ddce2d501a2941427b57e57d17a2d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4a4969672e68da661ebd0fc4fccd4f1e250ddce2d501a2941427b57e57d17a2d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2001:2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A precision calculation of the effective number of cosmological neutrinos","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"G. Mangano, G. Miele, M. Peloso, S. Pastor","submitted_at":"2001-11-21T11:10:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"The neutrino energy density of the Universe can be conveniently parametrized in terms of the so-called effective number of neutrinos, N_nu^eff. This parameter enters in several cosmological observables. In particular it is an important input in those numerical codes, like CMBFAST, which are used to study the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy spectrum. By studying the neutrino decoupling with Boltzmann equations, one can show that this quantity differs from the number of massless neutrino species for an additional contribution due to a partial heating of neutrinos during the electron-posit"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0111408","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3a36hqDIityiCTac8ZsJJuz3YU2z5DY+wZo/c7aQJchCNwnkFF1PgddgizC9UK6554a55JYLZrx2Fv14EAwEDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T19:24:18.590960Z"},"content_sha256":"cfaf97fa87dd047004750f688d3bb6649c2304beb40a9eff96e221c4c59c56b6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cfaf97fa87dd047004750f688d3bb6649c2304beb40a9eff96e221c4c59c56b6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-20T19:24:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2001:2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML35ESPYESNF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"144f48481a2f2a21fe0f915f789904dbc31cfe8d5194fcdb9429f47614a4ca10","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-11-21T11:10:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"ba6ec5ceb1ce59b8877409ffed841650580ce482c59d6a1051e1cc68bb8cfde5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0111408","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0111408","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0111408v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0111408","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2KKDJRQN2VQX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2KKDJRQN2VQXHPML","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2KKDJRQN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cfaf97fa87dd047004750f688d3bb6649c2304beb40a9eff96e221c4c59c56b6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The neutrino energy density of the Universe can be conveniently parametrized in terms of the so-called effective number of neutrinos, N_nu^eff. This parameter enters in several cosmological observables. In particular it is an important input in those numerical codes, like CMBFAST, which are used to study the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy spectrum. By studying the neutrino decoupling with Boltzmann equations, one can show that this quantity differs from the number of massless neutrino species for an additional contribution due to a partial heating of neutrinos during the electron-posit","authors_text":"G. Mangano, G. Miele, M. Peloso, S. Pastor","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-11-21T11:10:07Z","title":"A precision calculation of the effective number of cosmological neutrinos"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0111408","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4a4969672e68da661ebd0fc4fccd4f1e250ddce2d501a2941427b57e57d17a2d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"144f48481a2f2a21fe0f915f789904dbc31cfe8d5194fcdb9429f47614a4ca10","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2001-11-21T11:10:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"ba6ec5ceb1ce59b8877409ffed841650580ce482c59d6a1051e1cc68bb8cfde5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0111408","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d29434c60dd56173bd8bdf4927e09269582f99a93cbf28156d3f14c01c1266b1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d29434c60dd56173bd8bdf4927e09269582f99a93cbf28156d3f14c01c1266b1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45.278108Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45.278108Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"C6q5e0y5Kwg66tlsqCFXAvWr1r78QaLxtoCQsJhlCVkY3u4BwvHSBot/ggdJr+FWNvM4gjK+Op1jbBe1nZBMCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:45.278635Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0111408","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4a4969672e68da661ebd0fc4fccd4f1e250ddce2d501a2941427b57e57d17a2d","sha256:cfaf97fa87dd047004750f688d3bb6649c2304beb40a9eff96e221c4c59c56b6"],"state_sha256":"f8884f105ea89eed6c87e030b2b5c5b34104886487f053ab1b7c31e88306aba6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GBI9KE7jPp6VMHM8fd3DeXaobv7BcHG6trrjSsbHkQrB+Iy9qt2Al/QPxGwuk0v7ldOy/9EUG8QEZTCiVeswAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T19:24:18.592932Z","bundle_sha256":"3bee919ffa874c9189b40b38f78d682da66927bad040dda4b23e1a3416eef403"}}