{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN","short_pith_number":"pith:2KRGRPBG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0411104","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:12:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f46b4ab7d9cf395f54561fad2bda5429f8e281e3bfecd59505a7e8f9e204098c","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd81df5a392d755c8ab0a2f376a0a87c5e2fc5c1cad9d597bf23bd6816481ba2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d2a268bc26e9a9287db32b9616eabc8b7755bfd20d87da685ea454181cea47da","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0411104","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0411104","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0411104v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0411104","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2KRGRPBG5GUS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2KRGRPBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0411104","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:12:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f46b4ab7d9cf395f54561fad2bda5429f8e281e3bfecd59505a7e8f9e204098c","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd81df5a392d755c8ab0a2f376a0a87c5e2fc5c1cad9d597bf23bd6816481ba2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d2a268bc26e9a9287db32b9616eabc8b7755bfd20d87da685ea454181cea47da","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01.139923Z","signature_b64":"KwQLWU39nyGkfSTxVvXEDfyAnXQqG0lIuLmOcIOOGz6wfRe3eN3ociM3IYe+UJdvE66vlOmW3wPkEx77Mz1jBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d2a268bc26e9a9287db32b9616eabc8b7755bfd20d87da685ea454181cea47da","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01.139507Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01.139507Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0411104","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Iaw/fV1AbNCeui50KNOGsoQueBp9Tx9HKt2fZKgMCp9KT5q4AfGB+s7vvVWh6649KHtHjjonJ8GOS4BY1lduDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:40:22.459859Z"},"content_sha256":"39d82eb7b026b19b67aaede97bc6969a9c761b3546516844fa22f9611c7f054f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:39d82eb7b026b19b67aaede97bc6969a9c761b3546516844fa22f9611c7f054f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Deep2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Evolution of Close Galaxy Pairs and Major-Merger Rates Up to z ~ 1.2","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"2), (2) UCO/LICK & UC Santa Cruz, (3) Trent University, (4) Caltech, (5) UC Berkeley, (6) Hubble Fellow; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Alison L. Coil (5), Brian F. Gerke (5), Christopher J. Conselice (4), Christopher N. A. Willmer (2), David C. Koo (2), David R. Patton (3), Jeffrey A. Newman (6) ((1) National Taiwan University, Lihwai Lin (1, Marc Davis (5), Michael C. Cooper (5), Puragra Guhathakurta (2), Renbin Yan (5), S. M. Faber (2)","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:12:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"We derive the close, kinematic pair fraction and merger rate up to z ~ 1.2 from the initial data of the DEEP2 Redshift Survey. Assuming a mild luminosity evolution, the number of companions per luminous galaxy is found to evolve as (1+z)^{m}, with m = 0.51+-0.28; assuming no evolution, m = 1.60+-0.29. Our results imply that only 9% of present-day $L^{*}$ galaxies have undergone major mergers since z ~ 1.2 and that the average major merger rate is about 4* 10^{-4} h^{3} Mpc^{-3} Gyr^{-1} for z ~ 0.5 - 1.2. Most previous studies have yielded higher values."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0411104","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e8eNvnlwJ/WLyuJAsEdrQyYzvcGOPoVp6UpRReEWYW7NBfN7JBYCDNG5chl3+FGZT5Ian2ca/XK26mqZxm6cBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:40:22.460217Z"},"content_sha256":"562f62995e7ee5c0586fa31d3724a95d0b3f87658dee0d93c793e58a101287fa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:562f62995e7ee5c0586fa31d3724a95d0b3f87658dee0d93c793e58a101287fa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T19:40:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NTFOLBN2V4RN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd81df5a392d755c8ab0a2f376a0a87c5e2fc5c1cad9d597bf23bd6816481ba2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:12:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"f46b4ab7d9cf395f54561fad2bda5429f8e281e3bfecd59505a7e8f9e204098c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0411104","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0411104","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0411104v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0411104","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2KRGRPBG5GUS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2KRGRPBG5GUSQ7NT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2KRGRPBG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:562f62995e7ee5c0586fa31d3724a95d0b3f87658dee0d93c793e58a101287fa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We derive the close, kinematic pair fraction and merger rate up to z ~ 1.2 from the initial data of the DEEP2 Redshift Survey. Assuming a mild luminosity evolution, the number of companions per luminous galaxy is found to evolve as (1+z)^{m}, with m = 0.51+-0.28; assuming no evolution, m = 1.60+-0.29. Our results imply that only 9% of present-day $L^{*}$ galaxies have undergone major mergers since z ~ 1.2 and that the average major merger rate is about 4* 10^{-4} h^{3} Mpc^{-3} Gyr^{-1} for z ~ 0.5 - 1.2. Most previous studies have yielded higher values.","authors_text":"2), (2) UCO/LICK & UC Santa Cruz, (3) Trent University, (4) Caltech, (5) UC Berkeley, (6) Hubble Fellow; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Alison L. Coil (5), Brian F. Gerke (5), Christopher J. Conselice (4), Christopher N. A. Willmer (2), David C. Koo (2), David R. Patton (3), Jeffrey A. Newman (6) ((1) National Taiwan University, Lihwai Lin (1, Marc Davis (5), Michael C. Cooper (5), Puragra Guhathakurta (2), Renbin Yan (5), S. M. Faber (2)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:12:30Z","title":"The Deep2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Evolution of Close Galaxy Pairs and Major-Merger Rates Up to z ~ 1.2"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0411104","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:39d82eb7b026b19b67aaede97bc6969a9c761b3546516844fa22f9611c7f054f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd81df5a392d755c8ab0a2f376a0a87c5e2fc5c1cad9d597bf23bd6816481ba2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:12:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"f46b4ab7d9cf395f54561fad2bda5429f8e281e3bfecd59505a7e8f9e204098c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0411104","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d2a268bc26e9a9287db32b9616eabc8b7755bfd20d87da685ea454181cea47da","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d2a268bc26e9a9287db32b9616eabc8b7755bfd20d87da685ea454181cea47da","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01.139507Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01.139507Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KwQLWU39nyGkfSTxVvXEDfyAnXQqG0lIuLmOcIOOGz6wfRe3eN3ociM3IYe+UJdvE66vlOmW3wPkEx77Mz1jBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:12:01.139923Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0411104","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:39d82eb7b026b19b67aaede97bc6969a9c761b3546516844fa22f9611c7f054f","sha256:562f62995e7ee5c0586fa31d3724a95d0b3f87658dee0d93c793e58a101287fa"],"state_sha256":"5f1f425ff29f9e2d1629e632f802b9fbb9138f68089aa77451f90a65d648c449"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OQHTA9UhE8+yyF6Ze+m7FAT8qXbM+ZIXtUX3JXFMY7+pNm07FhPl42ke0KIxUByZvBRJAPU2/nVwJ1T1L5ndBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:40:22.462452Z","bundle_sha256":"cc12dc2ec0ebd46a9297a93eb32bbc45c1727cc2af82f338f255c9e1015e41d2"}}