{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ","short_pith_number":"pith:2MO7QJ2N","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.09682","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"398564eef5a68690a22b52a646c82788c10164cd1a327d1878c4eeaab52985cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"395b6703be341204f681529c95a614c9e036aee2479993dd15b047ef2b6de542"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d31df8274d95744b12061a548d09589c093cc73843dd41bd8a31c7cf0da1719e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.09682","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.09682","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.09682v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.09682","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2MO7QJ2NSV2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQG","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2MO7QJ2N","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.09682","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"398564eef5a68690a22b52a646c82788c10164cd1a327d1878c4eeaab52985cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"395b6703be341204f681529c95a614c9e036aee2479993dd15b047ef2b6de542"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d31df8274d95744b12061a548d09589c093cc73843dd41bd8a31c7cf0da1719e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06.133025Z","signature_b64":"rTxrMze24QGKc4LystCxg31ahsepqtcQLpJ6m+RIjyQ5HrLOWRfK9YPyzrAnnxot7aShgJcPrQiVmAsIlGdABw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d31df8274d95744b12061a548d09589c093cc73843dd41bd8a31c7cf0da1719e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06.132261Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06.132261Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.09682","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2vB/04+zDSI+n8LKnxK9V+bz+DbYLy/8E4f+VDNW+yfDaEGBxZv31atwVt7dDOFvkakr4+r3E24xB68qU6rEAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T02:24:33.191394Z"},"content_sha256":"56b6b6fd0891155cdae6399775739cad2ce6e834ba383bfd6d8882c6e1547a51","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:56b6b6fd0891155cdae6399775739cad2ce6e834ba383bfd6d8882c6e1547a51"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Probing the Axion-Electron Coupling with NuSTAR Observations of Galaxies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Benjamin R. Safdi, Orion Ning","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We search for the existence of ultralight axions coupling to electrons and photons using data from the NuSTAR telescope directed toward the galaxies M82, M87, and M31. We focus on electron bremsstrahlung and Compton scattering for axion production in stars, summing over the stellar populations found in the target galaxies when computing the axion luminosity. We then compute the hard X-ray signal that arises from the conversion of these axions to photons in each galaxy's magnetic fields, inferred from analog galaxies in cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Analyzing NuSTAR data toward "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.09682","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.09682/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lwmgUUWnHZhoNVDNPAIah7MDvsL4bSm6835nCj4fUbxyki3iNaKDSG3ro/s/Gv56N1bd79cB5rbPJLIAHN7BBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T02:24:33.191931Z"},"content_sha256":"2692d295490e920126dce35e82f0e1e48247e187900a7701f218d5f59f1aa967","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2692d295490e920126dce35e82f0e1e48247e187900a7701f218d5f59f1aa967"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T02:24:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQGDJKI2CKYTQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"395b6703be341204f681529c95a614c9e036aee2479993dd15b047ef2b6de542","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"398564eef5a68690a22b52a646c82788c10164cd1a327d1878c4eeaab52985cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.09682","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.09682","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.09682v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.09682","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2MO7QJ2NSV2E","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2MO7QJ2NSV2EWEQG","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2MO7QJ2N","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2692d295490e920126dce35e82f0e1e48247e187900a7701f218d5f59f1aa967","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.09682/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We search for the existence of ultralight axions coupling to electrons and photons using data from the NuSTAR telescope directed toward the galaxies M82, M87, and M31. We focus on electron bremsstrahlung and Compton scattering for axion production in stars, summing over the stellar populations found in the target galaxies when computing the axion luminosity. We then compute the hard X-ray signal that arises from the conversion of these axions to photons in each galaxy's magnetic fields, inferred from analog galaxies in cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Analyzing NuSTAR data toward ","authors_text":"Benjamin R. Safdi, Orion Ning","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T18:00:00Z","title":"Probing the Axion-Electron Coupling with NuSTAR Observations of Galaxies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.09682","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:56b6b6fd0891155cdae6399775739cad2ce6e834ba383bfd6d8882c6e1547a51","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"395b6703be341204f681529c95a614c9e036aee2479993dd15b047ef2b6de542","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-12T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"398564eef5a68690a22b52a646c82788c10164cd1a327d1878c4eeaab52985cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.09682","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d31df8274d95744b12061a548d09589c093cc73843dd41bd8a31c7cf0da1719e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d31df8274d95744b12061a548d09589c093cc73843dd41bd8a31c7cf0da1719e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06.132261Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06.132261Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rTxrMze24QGKc4LystCxg31ahsepqtcQLpJ6m+RIjyQ5HrLOWRfK9YPyzrAnnxot7aShgJcPrQiVmAsIlGdABw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:30:06.133025Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.09682","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:56b6b6fd0891155cdae6399775739cad2ce6e834ba383bfd6d8882c6e1547a51","sha256:2692d295490e920126dce35e82f0e1e48247e187900a7701f218d5f59f1aa967"],"state_sha256":"755b21364cabcf4d83dca065de7f37a8c04141dadb45c161330993c5efcf8fd2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"d5KBXlwS9q+/y4GdfN+S4kTVcXZkvFAe5EhDvqOV0KClrxKv1ab2zoiZMrfGsWWSriKxcES9G6Q5BFtoM/fhAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T02:24:33.196561Z","bundle_sha256":"f09ce970e2fb91307ab3e6b70bb1edd3bbbd7758b6387e6f7b60f472e031b263"}}