{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5","short_pith_number":"pith:2N5LM7ZR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.14077","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T14:50:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"edab19b44cd001923fb428c12a8dc34afe7ba7157d558d4788fabc6c7bd6a82a","abstract_canon_sha256":"648a4f82747c92b7862287ae90a0df29dc71b4cb6906d06ac205a58dee507eb4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d37ab67f31196ff46d5c92013128c057529c6d0b900d96357718b070e33a140d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.14077","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.14077","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.14077v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.14077","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2N5LM7ZRDFX7","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2N5LM7ZR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.14077","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T14:50:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"edab19b44cd001923fb428c12a8dc34afe7ba7157d558d4788fabc6c7bd6a82a","abstract_canon_sha256":"648a4f82747c92b7862287ae90a0df29dc71b4cb6906d06ac205a58dee507eb4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d37ab67f31196ff46d5c92013128c057529c6d0b900d96357718b070e33a140d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24.551010Z","signature_b64":"xuDAVco+gHXvflyT795rb63chUcyXFgIhKznpCCNmJ0r4fLykFmDbMhs3gccmhj65GxqZE9Hg0+TkIX7Kwn+Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d37ab67f31196ff46d5c92013128c057529c6d0b900d96357718b070e33a140d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24.550540Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24.550540Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.14077","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0GqcnYIWxfuMtPrCfwjvU7AjlivbaQFsw2LUBFcZb1z4VrbUTKkkcQgBzkwQihS4rSOUV0fEd9AUBRJior6kBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-24T02:16:48.689911Z"},"content_sha256":"a0e1b66425c5fdf968117970980fc1fbb6d0ec4f056f4b6b0a8b4a5a67c45e9b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a0e1b66425c5fdf968117970980fc1fbb6d0ec4f056f4b6b0a8b4a5a67c45e9b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Label Smoothing is a Pragmatic Information Bottleneck","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Sota Kudo","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T14:50:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"This study revisits label smoothing via a form of information bottleneck. Under the assumption of sufficient model flexibility and no conflicting labels for the same input, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the model output obtained through label smoothing explores the optimal solution of the information bottleneck. Based on this, label smoothing can be interpreted as a practical approach to the information bottleneck, enabling simple implementation. As an information bottleneck method, we experimentally show that label smoothing also exhibits the property of being insensiti"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.14077","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.14077/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RMaPxa3p4N1Nxa8EjeiNpf2ye3LcEDVLUHG7WDpjzutnnzi2bTbPZS70OU4DQF2QhMSNenUA0b4Ksc6Zd7sfAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-24T02:16:48.690481Z"},"content_sha256":"1c6dcde0a605c622d0672268edc4594de099bc9602a552f1c60d207e19c4bcc9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1c6dcde0a605c622d0672268edc4594de099bc9602a552f1c60d207e19c4bcc9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-24T02:16:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4SIATCKGAK5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"648a4f82747c92b7862287ae90a0df29dc71b4cb6906d06ac205a58dee507eb4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T14:50:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"edab19b44cd001923fb428c12a8dc34afe7ba7157d558d4788fabc6c7bd6a82a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.14077","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.14077","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.14077v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.14077","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2N5LM7ZRDFX7","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2N5LM7ZRDFX7I3K4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2N5LM7ZR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1c6dcde0a605c622d0672268edc4594de099bc9602a552f1c60d207e19c4bcc9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.14077/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This study revisits label smoothing via a form of information bottleneck. Under the assumption of sufficient model flexibility and no conflicting labels for the same input, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the model output obtained through label smoothing explores the optimal solution of the information bottleneck. Based on this, label smoothing can be interpreted as a practical approach to the information bottleneck, enabling simple implementation. As an information bottleneck method, we experimentally show that label smoothing also exhibits the property of being insensiti","authors_text":"Sota Kudo","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T14:50:23Z","title":"Label Smoothing is a Pragmatic Information Bottleneck"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.14077","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a0e1b66425c5fdf968117970980fc1fbb6d0ec4f056f4b6b0a8b4a5a67c45e9b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"648a4f82747c92b7862287ae90a0df29dc71b4cb6906d06ac205a58dee507eb4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T14:50:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"edab19b44cd001923fb428c12a8dc34afe7ba7157d558d4788fabc6c7bd6a82a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.14077","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d37ab67f31196ff46d5c92013128c057529c6d0b900d96357718b070e33a140d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d37ab67f31196ff46d5c92013128c057529c6d0b900d96357718b070e33a140d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24.550540Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24.550540Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xuDAVco+gHXvflyT795rb63chUcyXFgIhKznpCCNmJ0r4fLykFmDbMhs3gccmhj65GxqZE9Hg0+TkIX7Kwn+Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:24.551010Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.14077","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a0e1b66425c5fdf968117970980fc1fbb6d0ec4f056f4b6b0a8b4a5a67c45e9b","sha256:1c6dcde0a605c622d0672268edc4594de099bc9602a552f1c60d207e19c4bcc9"],"state_sha256":"bdb941039d8c44628f7a8b266e1783878ec030b101e28de2bf80f50016f1c185"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"d5dx9bePIQijrDU4vGECzWxZhZv7T2dE5TNp+A4AzZIhFnudxnN1QjR2KcYIRPp3sAVlyv+E1x3uQ8db3dwGBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-24T02:16:48.695172Z","bundle_sha256":"96122af0940c76aa9dcdaeefff7e68e2d9983512f42a7f308017fe281610fdbb"}}