{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ","short_pith_number":"pith:2NDAFSBB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.15746","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T14:54:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"0ea5a11ead71753a4dec5c7e308b73a4fe9c0bf70926c2e3597889369649257a","abstract_canon_sha256":"63b48b02185faac779ba644834705258c2ce4bf81a9183d66d10d2074b8b0319"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d34602c821e74f2e155501cb123f1964321ac9d60d670508b9acfc77c633ff67","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.15746","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.15746","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.15746v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.15746","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2NDAFSBB45HS","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2NDAFSBB45HS4FKV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2NDAFSBB","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.15746","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T14:54:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"0ea5a11ead71753a4dec5c7e308b73a4fe9c0bf70926c2e3597889369649257a","abstract_canon_sha256":"63b48b02185faac779ba644834705258c2ce4bf81a9183d66d10d2074b8b0319"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d34602c821e74f2e155501cb123f1964321ac9d60d670508b9acfc77c633ff67","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00.643061Z","signature_b64":"QxMgkC7L7MmY+6Z24AMYLYIw+h2xXcH6eEpcm/v9gUaQnUkS+WXtEVQsXZyi6guB0sVDOqh+1dTRV+ODbDvSDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d34602c821e74f2e155501cb123f1964321ac9d60d670508b9acfc77c633ff67","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00.642477Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00.642477Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.15746","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yKmN1aDL9gf02QLFbeQb2u/Z3a4zbw9W6dVOnLnXN8COLz7A965DBfyXk9Y84V+g3+wGoS/wCWWAA9nNmCF3DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T07:39:47.836635Z"},"content_sha256":"fcd7f86c641d334b04e6f55d2883e5ecf562adbafe46f6baa948ec6199687580","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fcd7f86c641d334b04e6f55d2883e5ecf562adbafe46f6baa948ec6199687580"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Large Language Models are Not Stable Recommender Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.IR","authors_text":"Hengshu Zhu, Hui Xiong, Tianhui Ma, Yuan Cheng","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T14:54:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"With the significant successes of large language models (LLMs) in many natural language processing tasks, there is growing interest among researchers in exploring LLMs for novel recommender systems. However, we have observed that directly using LLMs as a recommender system is usually unstable due to its inherent position bias. To this end, we introduce exploratory research and find consistent patterns of positional bias in LLMs that influence the performance of recommendation across a range of scenarios. Then, we propose a Bayesian probabilistic framework, STELLA (Stable LLM for Recommendation"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.15746","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.15746/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UAeLZCOypAc8/HV9+Bsy3PCIkh/bvdU7dTRSEyVUFl0PkPzZwtO4o79UHvbuZ9aO9Y9jSoxOxhKna8dXti8LBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T07:39:47.837571Z"},"content_sha256":"b281a2540873f12a58a08b66198394b796f0375b922e49cc8121b67187bbc9dd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b281a2540873f12a58a08b66198394b796f0375b922e49cc8121b67187bbc9dd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T07:39:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:2NDAFSBB45HS4FKVAHFREPYZMQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"63b48b02185faac779ba644834705258c2ce4bf81a9183d66d10d2074b8b0319","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T14:54:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"0ea5a11ead71753a4dec5c7e308b73a4fe9c0bf70926c2e3597889369649257a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.15746","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.15746","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.15746v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.15746","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2NDAFSBB45HS","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2NDAFSBB45HS4FKV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2NDAFSBB","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b281a2540873f12a58a08b66198394b796f0375b922e49cc8121b67187bbc9dd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.15746/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With the significant successes of large language models (LLMs) in many natural language processing tasks, there is growing interest among researchers in exploring LLMs for novel recommender systems. However, we have observed that directly using LLMs as a recommender system is usually unstable due to its inherent position bias. To this end, we introduce exploratory research and find consistent patterns of positional bias in LLMs that influence the performance of recommendation across a range of scenarios. Then, we propose a Bayesian probabilistic framework, STELLA (Stable LLM for Recommendation","authors_text":"Hengshu Zhu, Hui Xiong, Tianhui Ma, Yuan Cheng","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T14:54:33Z","title":"Large Language Models are Not Stable Recommender Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.15746","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fcd7f86c641d334b04e6f55d2883e5ecf562adbafe46f6baa948ec6199687580","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"63b48b02185faac779ba644834705258c2ce4bf81a9183d66d10d2074b8b0319","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T14:54:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"0ea5a11ead71753a4dec5c7e308b73a4fe9c0bf70926c2e3597889369649257a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.15746","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d34602c821e74f2e155501cb123f1964321ac9d60d670508b9acfc77c633ff67","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d34602c821e74f2e155501cb123f1964321ac9d60d670508b9acfc77c633ff67","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00.642477Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00.642477Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QxMgkC7L7MmY+6Z24AMYLYIw+h2xXcH6eEpcm/v9gUaQnUkS+WXtEVQsXZyi6guB0sVDOqh+1dTRV+ODbDvSDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:00.643061Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.15746","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fcd7f86c641d334b04e6f55d2883e5ecf562adbafe46f6baa948ec6199687580","sha256:b281a2540873f12a58a08b66198394b796f0375b922e49cc8121b67187bbc9dd"],"state_sha256":"fe42671516e046451c43efcea44471402da1f2768e828ece38d63a725b831640"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Lrd+MHbaQFbQs5ZQpcbdVM/q771WoQL9YyUp3C+Ux2/MEfru5Ep+5JpsqTimLIj8qZWi+nlKiEepgq/hmKYTDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T07:39:47.843440Z","bundle_sha256":"9360160a514b906306e14b7cef06d9f6995b6cdbf5674f4b695d08c05741b518"}}