{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V","short_pith_number":"pith:2NWBDGQC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.6784","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-25T01:34:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b6a04f3fc1aa1e645b24e77fdc17adbf2e14a01af602f2118aaf048826dd7ab6","abstract_canon_sha256":"18847cf4ef91821db6b2bcefedd5bf642309b2c24752844692e5c383154d4927"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d36c119a02d5d7cc73fad0bbe9aa25f54e174cb3492d05bf48f4302d2d1b17ec","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1304.6784","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.6784","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.6784v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.6784","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2NWBDGQC2XL4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2NWBDGQC2XL4Y472","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2NWBDGQC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.6784","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-25T01:34:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b6a04f3fc1aa1e645b24e77fdc17adbf2e14a01af602f2118aaf048826dd7ab6","abstract_canon_sha256":"18847cf4ef91821db6b2bcefedd5bf642309b2c24752844692e5c383154d4927"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d36c119a02d5d7cc73fad0bbe9aa25f54e174cb3492d05bf48f4302d2d1b17ec","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26.904752Z","signature_b64":"19+subekAf8E7Xzir/Kdu3DPc1g8rmY8TVME9TXyAXI9j2jPP5krHJGcclVFUVR72I79RoVtGPqvXwFdmbuPCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d36c119a02d5d7cc73fad0bbe9aa25f54e174cb3492d05bf48f4302d2d1b17ec","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26.903972Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26.903972Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1304.6784","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T5WoTTD2YqNPP+Zj+BVa4dV9Z/Nd4Bppn3PwQnFyuLV5aL/HGQ62mLN6ftb0h6JOOEF170mbvXnclh9lk0FbBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T17:01:14.740775Z"},"content_sha256":"e4a5256cee61b332dc8f200d56199f8de4caa66c381f6d0b9f5b4368f06695c1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e4a5256cee61b332dc8f200d56199f8de4caa66c381f6d0b9f5b4368f06695c1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Elementary excitations and crossover phenomenon in liquids","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"D. M. Nicholson, T. Egami, T. Iwashita","submitted_at":"2013-04-25T01:34:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"The elementary excitations of vibration in solids are phonons. But in liquids phonons are extremely short-lived and marginalized. In this letter through classical and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations of the liquid state of various metallic systems we show that different excitations, the local configurational excitations in the atomic connectivity network, are the elementary excitations in high temperature metallic liquids. We also demonstrate that the competition between the configurational excitations and phonons determines the so-called crossover phenomenon in liquids. These discover"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.6784","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sVuNAm5LB1yqgkSBHhFZsfz9nN9MGoWTTfkmPd47uzYKt0dcFAnnen0J/LZFkVW+cuxyfhkdEPCePXbNi6nrBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T17:01:14.741112Z"},"content_sha256":"746e0c25d67e7385652f1787b99da137b69d7cd4641426ce50a6a7d50a67cdc1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:746e0c25d67e7385652f1787b99da137b69d7cd4641426ce50a6a7d50a67cdc1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T17:01:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:2NWBDGQC2XL4Y4722C56TKRF6V","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"18847cf4ef91821db6b2bcefedd5bf642309b2c24752844692e5c383154d4927","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-25T01:34:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"b6a04f3fc1aa1e645b24e77fdc17adbf2e14a01af602f2118aaf048826dd7ab6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.6784","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.6784","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.6784v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.6784","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2NWBDGQC2XL4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2NWBDGQC2XL4Y472","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2NWBDGQC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:746e0c25d67e7385652f1787b99da137b69d7cd4641426ce50a6a7d50a67cdc1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The elementary excitations of vibration in solids are phonons. But in liquids phonons are extremely short-lived and marginalized. In this letter through classical and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations of the liquid state of various metallic systems we show that different excitations, the local configurational excitations in the atomic connectivity network, are the elementary excitations in high temperature metallic liquids. We also demonstrate that the competition between the configurational excitations and phonons determines the so-called crossover phenomenon in liquids. These discover","authors_text":"D. M. Nicholson, T. Egami, T. Iwashita","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-25T01:34:21Z","title":"Elementary excitations and crossover phenomenon in liquids"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.6784","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e4a5256cee61b332dc8f200d56199f8de4caa66c381f6d0b9f5b4368f06695c1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"18847cf4ef91821db6b2bcefedd5bf642309b2c24752844692e5c383154d4927","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-25T01:34:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"b6a04f3fc1aa1e645b24e77fdc17adbf2e14a01af602f2118aaf048826dd7ab6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.6784","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d36c119a02d5d7cc73fad0bbe9aa25f54e174cb3492d05bf48f4302d2d1b17ec","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d36c119a02d5d7cc73fad0bbe9aa25f54e174cb3492d05bf48f4302d2d1b17ec","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26.903972Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26.903972Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"19+subekAf8E7Xzir/Kdu3DPc1g8rmY8TVME9TXyAXI9j2jPP5krHJGcclVFUVR72I79RoVtGPqvXwFdmbuPCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:25:26.904752Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1304.6784","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e4a5256cee61b332dc8f200d56199f8de4caa66c381f6d0b9f5b4368f06695c1","sha256:746e0c25d67e7385652f1787b99da137b69d7cd4641426ce50a6a7d50a67cdc1"],"state_sha256":"8c5e329f4979e5f3a817923f2486baa28e78ccadab7c625d59da27ba4def99af"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rsrC3dKP96M9y8P2IGwO/8exxzncuUoUbdmy782k/oLqoQti27t1p+Ta46QtyOF8BPz90g/KXQoKYflzWQQ8DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T17:01:14.743257Z","bundle_sha256":"f8cbddb791b0379e6f78a75a946014bc295a7acc15c13bb0f9532b0d3d03a0f6"}}