{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5","short_pith_number":"pith:2ONLYVE5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.02194","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-09T05:34:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f91640a05cc77a80d01023c7fee190a24a25bc45801d0738cd91488323b5de9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"08c01f7d975d22622f95802e115c9ecc171a9c811bee2b87dfe382365d43e0e7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d39abc549d1921ef20619fbe1ebf306774902f91271c9ee974553e1ded35e694","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.02194","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.02194","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.02194v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.02194","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ONLYVE5DEQ6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ONLYVE5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.02194","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-09T05:34:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f91640a05cc77a80d01023c7fee190a24a25bc45801d0738cd91488323b5de9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"08c01f7d975d22622f95802e115c9ecc171a9c811bee2b87dfe382365d43e0e7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d39abc549d1921ef20619fbe1ebf306774902f91271c9ee974553e1ded35e694","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18.016987Z","signature_b64":"SC0W0ga8Q/axSRzqSda6dpVHpZ/kaw+IzL9JuM4VoSRr7hO6ZVdDSW+tq0kARUJBA0BEFyxJ8ZPSThD45bYEDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d39abc549d1921ef20619fbe1ebf306774902f91271c9ee974553e1ded35e694","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18.016312Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18.016312Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1504.02194","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zObeAXFPel2reyjtT0+BO3z5BjHVQA7w2HcYdKLlVAP/LAXfNlPhsNVS9ZLic1pgcYlMsEcjS+5NLgXt3qAWBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T09:02:47.459706Z"},"content_sha256":"b10737bd43524fd29bcdb0bda6143d601d636afccc9425a40300a4b4de6c7648","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b10737bd43524fd29bcdb0bda6143d601d636afccc9425a40300a4b4de6c7648"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the polar cap cascade pair multiplicity of young pulsars","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"A. K. Harding, A. N. Timokhin","submitted_at":"2015-04-09T05:34:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the efficiency of pair production in polar caps of young pulsars under a variety of conditions to estimate the maximum possible multiplicity of pair plasma in pulsar magnetospheres. We develop a semi-analytic model for calculation of cascade multiplicity which allows efficient exploration of the parameter space and corroborate it with direct numerical simulations. Pair creation processes are considered separately from particle acceleration in order to assess different factors affecting cascade efficiency, with acceleration of primary particles described by recent self-consistent non-s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.02194","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gRJEFZXqf8si/9oFIfaVlG8yz6w22bYLwdZoBx0fh9wjbDxbrkbkphwUXGshROBnpFXv0xdNRP9mrV6VB6maBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T09:02:47.460150Z"},"content_sha256":"eaab51aa142cc7fa62dccb19941c05af97dd2ac2a32e5cca9034edd33550ecf4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eaab51aa142cc7fa62dccb19941c05af97dd2ac2a32e5cca9034edd33550ecf4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T09:02:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDBT67B5PZQM5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"08c01f7d975d22622f95802e115c9ecc171a9c811bee2b87dfe382365d43e0e7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-09T05:34:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"f91640a05cc77a80d01023c7fee190a24a25bc45801d0738cd91488323b5de9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.02194","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.02194","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.02194v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.02194","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ONLYVE5DEQ6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ONLYVE5DEQ66IDB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ONLYVE5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:eaab51aa142cc7fa62dccb19941c05af97dd2ac2a32e5cca9034edd33550ecf4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the efficiency of pair production in polar caps of young pulsars under a variety of conditions to estimate the maximum possible multiplicity of pair plasma in pulsar magnetospheres. We develop a semi-analytic model for calculation of cascade multiplicity which allows efficient exploration of the parameter space and corroborate it with direct numerical simulations. Pair creation processes are considered separately from particle acceleration in order to assess different factors affecting cascade efficiency, with acceleration of primary particles described by recent self-consistent non-s","authors_text":"A. K. Harding, A. N. Timokhin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-09T05:34:56Z","title":"On the polar cap cascade pair multiplicity of young pulsars"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.02194","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b10737bd43524fd29bcdb0bda6143d601d636afccc9425a40300a4b4de6c7648","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"08c01f7d975d22622f95802e115c9ecc171a9c811bee2b87dfe382365d43e0e7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-09T05:34:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"f91640a05cc77a80d01023c7fee190a24a25bc45801d0738cd91488323b5de9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.02194","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d39abc549d1921ef20619fbe1ebf306774902f91271c9ee974553e1ded35e694","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d39abc549d1921ef20619fbe1ebf306774902f91271c9ee974553e1ded35e694","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18.016312Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18.016312Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"SC0W0ga8Q/axSRzqSda6dpVHpZ/kaw+IzL9JuM4VoSRr7hO6ZVdDSW+tq0kARUJBA0BEFyxJ8ZPSThD45bYEDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:18.016987Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1504.02194","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b10737bd43524fd29bcdb0bda6143d601d636afccc9425a40300a4b4de6c7648","sha256:eaab51aa142cc7fa62dccb19941c05af97dd2ac2a32e5cca9034edd33550ecf4"],"state_sha256":"7dc1f3b77d66162dbd5ae20443ea838cf4b0ce2b2470da38b0430b2e45f31832"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MLvK6AJN5dT0oDfzYdtqS+qX++fQemfEvQpqegnK3sjeUyKSar61cKBFbi2o76f98Sej431cBMsaAQVw7JvBAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T09:02:47.465440Z","bundle_sha256":"c0aae4caffa67c5f5538ad69d6705454a800e912eb61b3d1a700e07f1a33a16b"}}