{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2","short_pith_number":"pith:2QB75W4D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1305.2816","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2013-05-13T15:48:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2134af7f480402eb5fa9fc66cf6ddfa7f553e47d64a939c672cc6ed2e8ec85d1","abstract_canon_sha256":"dd43c43631798bd3a83730429fe5c88e360cf9fc2a5bb67f2e884854bf48fa67"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d403fedb83a9b8d41f8ae3c396f1907ea8a02869e92751d41ea2f50718cc9068","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1305.2816","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1305.2816","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1305.2816v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1305.2816","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2QB75W4DVG4N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2QB75W4D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1305.2816","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2013-05-13T15:48:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2134af7f480402eb5fa9fc66cf6ddfa7f553e47d64a939c672cc6ed2e8ec85d1","abstract_canon_sha256":"dd43c43631798bd3a83730429fe5c88e360cf9fc2a5bb67f2e884854bf48fa67"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d403fedb83a9b8d41f8ae3c396f1907ea8a02869e92751d41ea2f50718cc9068","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16.440373Z","signature_b64":"8LAmIm3d5FGBFV99U0s3pg0uSrRDEv72XnTcdStPGFPBng+JYZHtzuqSH0TcYkmmwBzPV2Hb/aDStcoLuP4zBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d403fedb83a9b8d41f8ae3c396f1907ea8a02869e92751d41ea2f50718cc9068","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16.439497Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16.439497Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1305.2816","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+CqSRqjp81Z09/Zs7t0BEHWqUKWudrVeNHpeIpwTNHBsf7tUxjOLCgRDNwa1o4AZCDRMSelNWxUK9AbNuxgHCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T12:50:28.732333Z"},"content_sha256":"26c729c4aad6ddd321f9bde86cb33145f32d463de705244252c2dedb845d9432","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:26c729c4aad6ddd321f9bde86cb33145f32d463de705244252c2dedb845d9432"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantum instruments as a foundation for both states and observables","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Andrew N. Jordan, Justin Dressel","submitted_at":"2013-05-13T15:48:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate that quantum instruments can provide a unified operational foundation for quantum theory. Since these instruments directly correspond to laboratory devices, this foundation provides an alternate, more experimentally grounded, perspective from which to understand the elements of the traditional approach. We first show that in principle all measurable probabilities and correlations can be expressed entirely in terms of quantum instruments without the need for conventional quantum states or observables. We then show how these states and observables reappear as derived quantities by"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1305.2816","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6CRN0vwIMIgFWbLfYkkdXdzTB6TIeVZdQGPUk2YDs7q3HhtqlJoAItVYk3EnyyWHTSrFYtLRPfBpOU7tB0oaAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T12:50:28.732692Z"},"content_sha256":"a27ca633595a822dc05fa14168e20865935ac9158a59f3b3b5232e05f98d2fd5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a27ca633595a822dc05fa14168e20865935ac9158a59f3b3b5232e05f98d2fd5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T12:50:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K4PBZN4MQP2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dd43c43631798bd3a83730429fe5c88e360cf9fc2a5bb67f2e884854bf48fa67","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2013-05-13T15:48:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"2134af7f480402eb5fa9fc66cf6ddfa7f553e47d64a939c672cc6ed2e8ec85d1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1305.2816","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1305.2816","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1305.2816v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1305.2816","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2QB75W4DVG4N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2QB75W4DVG4NIH4K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2QB75W4D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a27ca633595a822dc05fa14168e20865935ac9158a59f3b3b5232e05f98d2fd5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate that quantum instruments can provide a unified operational foundation for quantum theory. Since these instruments directly correspond to laboratory devices, this foundation provides an alternate, more experimentally grounded, perspective from which to understand the elements of the traditional approach. We first show that in principle all measurable probabilities and correlations can be expressed entirely in terms of quantum instruments without the need for conventional quantum states or observables. We then show how these states and observables reappear as derived quantities by","authors_text":"Andrew N. Jordan, Justin Dressel","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2013-05-13T15:48:39Z","title":"Quantum instruments as a foundation for both states and observables"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1305.2816","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:26c729c4aad6ddd321f9bde86cb33145f32d463de705244252c2dedb845d9432","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dd43c43631798bd3a83730429fe5c88e360cf9fc2a5bb67f2e884854bf48fa67","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2013-05-13T15:48:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"2134af7f480402eb5fa9fc66cf6ddfa7f553e47d64a939c672cc6ed2e8ec85d1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1305.2816","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d403fedb83a9b8d41f8ae3c396f1907ea8a02869e92751d41ea2f50718cc9068","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d403fedb83a9b8d41f8ae3c396f1907ea8a02869e92751d41ea2f50718cc9068","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16.439497Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16.439497Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8LAmIm3d5FGBFV99U0s3pg0uSrRDEv72XnTcdStPGFPBng+JYZHtzuqSH0TcYkmmwBzPV2Hb/aDStcoLuP4zBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:16.440373Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1305.2816","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:26c729c4aad6ddd321f9bde86cb33145f32d463de705244252c2dedb845d9432","sha256:a27ca633595a822dc05fa14168e20865935ac9158a59f3b3b5232e05f98d2fd5"],"state_sha256":"b6452da610b61fd9f0ce55f0471ed57f068515b54a7c3f1a4c7eb772cb3146f7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GrCVTXuzPPfJDL3Sbz+ZFFuplqu4GClKDXquc4meychlR7wgjH/zyUs7ozNxUCWjiy4co8wyr9eHg1OPnC7ZCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T12:50:28.734733Z","bundle_sha256":"ea8f56294945c7d583e7b9c11d991e5e699e842cce73bb7d68fea2c03f9f3d81"}}