{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT","short_pith_number":"pith:2QFNVSKC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.06439","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-08-20T13:24:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"848f60b92da362f3edff49c5e7a80e6aac30f55a749e5318909164f28ed89f6d","abstract_canon_sha256":"5558b8de6f339ee8b168d91b9ad7ffc31a7e368a90ae00b11d0fe2ce95725746"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d40adac9423052e55c9f854d8d70363ceaee171b0f049b75fbc89100ce18bd2b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.06439","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.06439","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.06439v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.06439","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2QFNVSKCGBJO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2QFNVSKC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.06439","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-08-20T13:24:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"848f60b92da362f3edff49c5e7a80e6aac30f55a749e5318909164f28ed89f6d","abstract_canon_sha256":"5558b8de6f339ee8b168d91b9ad7ffc31a7e368a90ae00b11d0fe2ce95725746"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d40adac9423052e55c9f854d8d70363ceaee171b0f049b75fbc89100ce18bd2b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40.351195Z","signature_b64":"1nK8Lv0qJKypZPKg/F2I8RZGslT7wo+F6XAusCcpNPtHJ06h4xXB1hru0zAK/1DHxyvxcRip/1Lz2hc/uQBYDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d40adac9423052e55c9f854d8d70363ceaee171b0f049b75fbc89100ce18bd2b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40.350708Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40.350708Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.06439","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"82Z6+MpEWvs/C2sJSQFdd5YTYr5pm8OqZcvSMUp15oqllFhNv3Pja9Sb69ruxaAhsgpfzwKIuqf8ETMSs/jhBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:37:01.779823Z"},"content_sha256":"63e0df20415ac4829ed797a671c1749ef0d1563d24e4c88d445b7e7afb58f823","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:63e0df20415ac4829ed797a671c1749ef0d1563d24e4c88d445b7e7afb58f823"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Less is more - enhancement of second-harmonic generation from metasurfaces by reduced nanoparticle density","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Antti Kiviniemi, Ismo Vartiainen, J\\'er\\'emy Butet, Markku Kuittinen, Martti Kauranen, Mikko J. Huttunen, Olivier J. F. Martin, Robert Czaplicki, Timo Stolt, Xiaorun Zang","submitted_at":"2018-08-20T13:24:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from metasurfaces where noncentrosymmetric V-shaped gold nanoparticles are ordered into regular array configurations. In contrast to expectations, a substantial enhancement of the SHG signal is observed when the number density of the particles in the array is reduced. More specifically, by halving the number density, we obtain over five-fold enhancement in SHG intensity. This striking result is attributed to favorable interparticle interactions mediated by the lattice, where surface-lattice resonances lead to spectral narrowing of the pla"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.06439","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JEpzE3zUdHlV59/5N/bm2uhuBfYUHuN2YvZeaUpcOvleSwldp2x8Q04gFo6/ObKdAlWsD8a+TLU59+7KMXfXAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:37:01.780231Z"},"content_sha256":"c38253b63dfe6c7bfe28c46640bc480fc7df41c18fa88997790ce900db2ca8fd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c38253b63dfe6c7bfe28c46640bc480fc7df41c18fa88997790ce900db2ca8fd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T11:37:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7QVGY24BWHT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5558b8de6f339ee8b168d91b9ad7ffc31a7e368a90ae00b11d0fe2ce95725746","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-08-20T13:24:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"848f60b92da362f3edff49c5e7a80e6aac30f55a749e5318909164f28ed89f6d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.06439","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.06439","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.06439v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.06439","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2QFNVSKCGBJO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2QFNVSKCGBJOKXE7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2QFNVSKC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c38253b63dfe6c7bfe28c46640bc480fc7df41c18fa88997790ce900db2ca8fd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from metasurfaces where noncentrosymmetric V-shaped gold nanoparticles are ordered into regular array configurations. In contrast to expectations, a substantial enhancement of the SHG signal is observed when the number density of the particles in the array is reduced. More specifically, by halving the number density, we obtain over five-fold enhancement in SHG intensity. This striking result is attributed to favorable interparticle interactions mediated by the lattice, where surface-lattice resonances lead to spectral narrowing of the pla","authors_text":"Antti Kiviniemi, Ismo Vartiainen, J\\'er\\'emy Butet, Markku Kuittinen, Martti Kauranen, Mikko J. Huttunen, Olivier J. F. Martin, Robert Czaplicki, Timo Stolt, Xiaorun Zang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-08-20T13:24:42Z","title":"Less is more - enhancement of second-harmonic generation from metasurfaces by reduced nanoparticle density"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.06439","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:63e0df20415ac4829ed797a671c1749ef0d1563d24e4c88d445b7e7afb58f823","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5558b8de6f339ee8b168d91b9ad7ffc31a7e368a90ae00b11d0fe2ce95725746","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2018-08-20T13:24:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"848f60b92da362f3edff49c5e7a80e6aac30f55a749e5318909164f28ed89f6d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.06439","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d40adac9423052e55c9f854d8d70363ceaee171b0f049b75fbc89100ce18bd2b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d40adac9423052e55c9f854d8d70363ceaee171b0f049b75fbc89100ce18bd2b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40.350708Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40.350708Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1nK8Lv0qJKypZPKg/F2I8RZGslT7wo+F6XAusCcpNPtHJ06h4xXB1hru0zAK/1DHxyvxcRip/1Lz2hc/uQBYDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:40.351195Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.06439","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:63e0df20415ac4829ed797a671c1749ef0d1563d24e4c88d445b7e7afb58f823","sha256:c38253b63dfe6c7bfe28c46640bc480fc7df41c18fa88997790ce900db2ca8fd"],"state_sha256":"2e0d448ea244455ce3ae34287c666620640cd79410a321329ae93d4d085a10bb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LPMK8jv3arnluwprEoe2cVg2s1+0NwMv5Lr9oeThUZZfs8nvs7U/Lj0yrT7NPtDOQqS0UabohCIQP4i6DXfFDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:37:01.782483Z","bundle_sha256":"5f7c5362f4b8baf7c886bf0fadde0ce5d49c7022c39e9b283b5278f180aa94a6"}}