{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL","short_pith_number":"pith:2QMQ56PW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811189","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-12T02:27:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"54a83cedb0e0436466665d4b6e6d402fab0c3318dde2064ae068043a47b977e0","abstract_canon_sha256":"aee52af2b6e39b8410dc650e466c307e8da3b2d0112ad01818d64244155853aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d4190ef9f6f107bf1a4d9c8ac2353b92c9b74b1da196fd589b08af0e4fd5b1fb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9811189","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9811189","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9811189v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9811189","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2QMQ56PW6ED3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2QMQ56PW6ED36GSN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2QMQ56PW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811189","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-12T02:27:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"54a83cedb0e0436466665d4b6e6d402fab0c3318dde2064ae068043a47b977e0","abstract_canon_sha256":"aee52af2b6e39b8410dc650e466c307e8da3b2d0112ad01818d64244155853aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d4190ef9f6f107bf1a4d9c8ac2353b92c9b74b1da196fd589b08af0e4fd5b1fb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.421403Z","signature_b64":"zMAjY66xmUKuHki7XS3KYKo6VCD3laSjrMQYkvyXnnmOVhCS6dQmHmpoMdswq3mbpC7AGd+eRoJrkxXfKquiAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d4190ef9f6f107bf1a4d9c8ac2353b92c9b74b1da196fd589b08af0e4fd5b1fb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.420681Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.420681Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9811189","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bkd9Zt6g8f9HFodn+hkooJk+OnYTnrnoukbi2SK3YPCGGmsSeD2z7o+2SrzcZmEtuTjx3xJSXNI3kL3eI4HyBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:06:26.273820Z"},"content_sha256":"a297c818db0e0a6a087a16ba5c30d9fc60f79b324dc319735912cf2d0f7f87e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a297c818db0e0a6a087a16ba5c30d9fc60f79b324dc319735912cf2d0f7f87e1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bayesian photometric redshift estimation","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Narciso Benitez (UC Berkeley)","submitted_at":"1998-11-12T02:27:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"Photometric redshift estimation is becoming an increasingly important technique, although the currently existing methods present several shortcomings which hinder their application. Here it is shown that most of those drawbacks are efficiently eliminated when Bayesian probability is consistently applied to this problem. The use of prior probabilities and Bayesian marginalization allows the inclusion of valuable information, e.g. the redshift distributions or the galaxy type mix, which is often ignored by other methods. In those cases when the a priori information is insufficient, it is shown h"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811189","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Aq0i1C37DBANxopALRFvr3JicYTj+uQeTeXJXTqcO2Ycu2KY8RZVVN0MYLw6w/BkGEMAK9GT3KGODvMqLGuHCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:06:26.274159Z"},"content_sha256":"240adef81d32d8c7f1aa965a4e8a17bce2804182c6d116e9c956c08bc564b196","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:240adef81d32d8c7f1aa965a4e8a17bce2804182c6d116e9c956c08bc564b196"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T23:06:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:2QMQ56PW6ED36GSNTSFMENJ3SL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aee52af2b6e39b8410dc650e466c307e8da3b2d0112ad01818d64244155853aa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-12T02:27:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"54a83cedb0e0436466665d4b6e6d402fab0c3318dde2064ae068043a47b977e0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811189","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9811189","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9811189v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9811189","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2QMQ56PW6ED3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2QMQ56PW6ED36GSN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2QMQ56PW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:240adef81d32d8c7f1aa965a4e8a17bce2804182c6d116e9c956c08bc564b196","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Photometric redshift estimation is becoming an increasingly important technique, although the currently existing methods present several shortcomings which hinder their application. Here it is shown that most of those drawbacks are efficiently eliminated when Bayesian probability is consistently applied to this problem. The use of prior probabilities and Bayesian marginalization allows the inclusion of valuable information, e.g. the redshift distributions or the galaxy type mix, which is often ignored by other methods. In those cases when the a priori information is insufficient, it is shown h","authors_text":"Narciso Benitez (UC Berkeley)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-12T02:27:35Z","title":"Bayesian photometric redshift estimation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811189","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a297c818db0e0a6a087a16ba5c30d9fc60f79b324dc319735912cf2d0f7f87e1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aee52af2b6e39b8410dc650e466c307e8da3b2d0112ad01818d64244155853aa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-12T02:27:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"54a83cedb0e0436466665d4b6e6d402fab0c3318dde2064ae068043a47b977e0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9811189","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d4190ef9f6f107bf1a4d9c8ac2353b92c9b74b1da196fd589b08af0e4fd5b1fb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d4190ef9f6f107bf1a4d9c8ac2353b92c9b74b1da196fd589b08af0e4fd5b1fb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.420681Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.420681Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zMAjY66xmUKuHki7XS3KYKo6VCD3laSjrMQYkvyXnnmOVhCS6dQmHmpoMdswq3mbpC7AGd+eRoJrkxXfKquiAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.421403Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9811189","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a297c818db0e0a6a087a16ba5c30d9fc60f79b324dc319735912cf2d0f7f87e1","sha256:240adef81d32d8c7f1aa965a4e8a17bce2804182c6d116e9c956c08bc564b196"],"state_sha256":"67175bc405dd52b7eccc06f2dc2ce70909528a8ec461bb799ef8f4eefcae014b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4iqQJ7O7KPosLtuApoXyOBholLR2ibi601GuWx464jy7wccTv0tOoJf0SU5LBMGlwf4PG/DJZSNxxMnC7B5lAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:06:26.276824Z","bundle_sha256":"fe0d2d2c0a5d495342755d0aafd91354a3f38e26104cef170d93210c58c21f60"}}