{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6","short_pith_number":"pith:2QXLGJIX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.10026","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T14:22:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be69ecac961f05711a43deb9010805c4e25694dfb271a9c852ceae0c52c06edb","abstract_canon_sha256":"54f4fdae7809c3ae857d46cec56a8b696417af7d3d856d0d7b414c3eeb40b4ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d42eb32517dc0eb7480db1d7a7d882c78ba0270891ffa4f5cd5b68d6f875dbeb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2408.10026","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.10026","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.10026v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.10026","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2QXLGJIX3QHL","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2QXLGJIX3QHLOSAN","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2QXLGJIX","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.10026","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T14:22:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be69ecac961f05711a43deb9010805c4e25694dfb271a9c852ceae0c52c06edb","abstract_canon_sha256":"54f4fdae7809c3ae857d46cec56a8b696417af7d3d856d0d7b414c3eeb40b4ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d42eb32517dc0eb7480db1d7a7d882c78ba0270891ffa4f5cd5b68d6f875dbeb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50.289228Z","signature_b64":"Nzhny/7EVa5YgbzHOU41KJScQYRI7xCVCBIAdmZB1Ih3gGXBw2gb5YNZzuf7ZCzw9K5S9hoOhR8/sj1NA+CGAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d42eb32517dc0eb7480db1d7a7d882c78ba0270891ffa4f5cd5b68d6f875dbeb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50.288806Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50.288806Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2408.10026","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KCl+d3cYWOoRmb7RZfqrDizTLnCbgKnqmq2o78okHJ//9vI7jErIMY+Uw/NuE1Ycg5Cspzw1RSmqeic5/7J6DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T07:22:39.203156Z"},"content_sha256":"f04fd1656ebfb14c38692cab6b5b31f261a851aff787a0093096fd8854f82f02","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f04fd1656ebfb14c38692cab6b5b31f261a851aff787a0093096fd8854f82f02"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Defense Priorities in the Open-Source AI Debate: A Preliminary Assessment","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Masao Dahlgren","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T14:22:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"A spirited debate is taking place over the regulation of open foundation models: artificial intelligence models whose underlying architectures and parameters are made public and can be inspected, modified, and run by end users. Proposed limits on releasing open foundation models may have significant defense industrial impacts. If model training is a form of defense production, these impacts deserve further scrutiny. Preliminary evidence suggests that an open foundation model ecosystem could benefit the U.S. Department of Defense's supplier diversity, sustainment, cybersecurity, and innovation "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.10026","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2408.10026/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aXL0p9uhvodIl23t6GK1GZLnvzxvRznij94mcaHvMz/QDocnrusqBLWqFalzhVrGSpP/hCbWhlNUBhwIe9S5Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T07:22:39.203646Z"},"content_sha256":"e3d3de30a851e8e84c77dbd676f661cfa5a0acee44aa2a96f51520adee757022","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3d3de30a851e8e84c77dbd676f661cfa5a0acee44aa2a96f51520adee757022"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T07:22:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:2QXLGJIX3QHLOSANWHL2PWECY6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"54f4fdae7809c3ae857d46cec56a8b696417af7d3d856d0d7b414c3eeb40b4ea","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T14:22:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"be69ecac961f05711a43deb9010805c4e25694dfb271a9c852ceae0c52c06edb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.10026","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.10026","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.10026v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.10026","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2QXLGJIX3QHL","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2QXLGJIX3QHLOSAN","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2QXLGJIX","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e3d3de30a851e8e84c77dbd676f661cfa5a0acee44aa2a96f51520adee757022","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2408.10026/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A spirited debate is taking place over the regulation of open foundation models: artificial intelligence models whose underlying architectures and parameters are made public and can be inspected, modified, and run by end users. Proposed limits on releasing open foundation models may have significant defense industrial impacts. If model training is a form of defense production, these impacts deserve further scrutiny. Preliminary evidence suggests that an open foundation model ecosystem could benefit the U.S. Department of Defense's supplier diversity, sustainment, cybersecurity, and innovation ","authors_text":"Masao Dahlgren","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T14:22:14Z","title":"Defense Priorities in the Open-Source AI Debate: A Preliminary Assessment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.10026","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f04fd1656ebfb14c38692cab6b5b31f261a851aff787a0093096fd8854f82f02","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"54f4fdae7809c3ae857d46cec56a8b696417af7d3d856d0d7b414c3eeb40b4ea","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-08-19T14:22:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"be69ecac961f05711a43deb9010805c4e25694dfb271a9c852ceae0c52c06edb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.10026","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d42eb32517dc0eb7480db1d7a7d882c78ba0270891ffa4f5cd5b68d6f875dbeb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d42eb32517dc0eb7480db1d7a7d882c78ba0270891ffa4f5cd5b68d6f875dbeb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50.288806Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50.288806Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Nzhny/7EVa5YgbzHOU41KJScQYRI7xCVCBIAdmZB1Ih3gGXBw2gb5YNZzuf7ZCzw9K5S9hoOhR8/sj1NA+CGAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:56:50.289228Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2408.10026","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f04fd1656ebfb14c38692cab6b5b31f261a851aff787a0093096fd8854f82f02","sha256:e3d3de30a851e8e84c77dbd676f661cfa5a0acee44aa2a96f51520adee757022"],"state_sha256":"241d725b83e50330ca6c71f1d1b7e7cefe8b418ca7085a38968fb106fdb8fafa"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"us8cwrjGIGj4nsWDBc8pAL4ZDb+O3B3wOU4YtoAuC9+YmJkZQrl5KbJCSDRxmDTiTxmipRjwe3h0aAwngrO6Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T07:22:39.207230Z","bundle_sha256":"8003f63577ad60d389879c1fa95b98a1d801a95c9139d9f2878cd2ba9ad9e702"}}