{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:2R2XAXW77XPETUMSMTR4J6E2CD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"64729140783dbe7cbf3e747d224c46a8b7b4b06dc9765f57cd56e73d1718e33c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-13T16:58:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"223357215d6cc164a59e55e4439b9285fba279e091a465ff156de7159c527f99"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.06422","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.06422","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.06422v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.06422","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2R2XAXW77XPE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2R2XAXW77XPETUMS","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2R2XAXW7","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ef7fa497dd0bb99e0dc252bccbcd6cb5d103e59ec6a6a1c5aec7b71cb7beb1bc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.06422/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Shortcut learning, in which models make use of easy-to-represent but unstable associations, is a major failure mode for robust machine learning. We study a flexible, causally-motivated approach to training robust predictors by discouraging the use of specific shortcuts, focusing on a common setting where a robust predictor could achieve optimal \\emph{iid} generalization in principle, but is overshadowed by a shortcut predictor in practice. Our approach uses auxiliary labels, typically available at training time, to enforce conditional independences implied by the causal graph. We show both the","authors_text":"Alexander D'Amour, Ben Packer, Dan Moldovan, Davis Blalock, Maggie Makar, Yoni Halpern","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-13T16:58:45Z","title":"Causally motivated Shortcut Removal Using Auxiliary Labels"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.06422","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8ba975e67b46162b188eb434828cef5073ddd3da25f465ed1e2b017d6e11bc42","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"64729140783dbe7cbf3e747d224c46a8b7b4b06dc9765f57cd56e73d1718e33c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-05-13T16:58:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"223357215d6cc164a59e55e4439b9285fba279e091a465ff156de7159c527f99"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.06422","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"d475705edffdde49d19264e3c4f89a10f285619d203bae3c3e48ca0a55cc2fa1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d475705edffdde49d19264e3c4f89a10f285619d203bae3c3e48ca0a55cc2fa1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22.075350Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22.075350Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"q1d5eWCi9tTbuxQ7ibDU10uqyk4sZh3uLRg/K4R/GHlf9+S+RD5hLDNtnyFY4eTMLGb2muqdcd64BX0LKTuPBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:59:22.075827Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.06422","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8ba975e67b46162b188eb434828cef5073ddd3da25f465ed1e2b017d6e11bc42","sha256:ef7fa497dd0bb99e0dc252bccbcd6cb5d103e59ec6a6a1c5aec7b71cb7beb1bc"],"state_sha256":"69ac880cffdc94937c95aee917235185a01a021cce5a0cffc430c8b69807c0b7"}