{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A","short_pith_number":"pith:2RWILHIC","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"d46c859d02949a4777d70c426ecd02f8134fc12e2b84d1dc9b32c2d264df5759","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.09456","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Attentive History Selection for Conversational Question Answering","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.IR","authors_text":"Cen Chen, Chen Qu, Liu Yang, Minghui Qiu, Mohit Iyyer, W. Bruce Croft, Yongfeng Zhang","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T03:39:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Conversational question answering (ConvQA) is a simplified but concrete setting of conversational search. One of its major challenges is to leverage the conversation history to understand and answer the current question. In this work, we propose a novel solution for ConvQA that involves three aspects. First, we propose a positional history answer embedding method to encode conversation history with position information using BERT in a natural way. BERT is a powerful technique for text representation. Second, we design a history attention mechanism (HAM) to conduct a \"soft selection\" for conver"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.09456","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T03:39:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9c30c77a3fbd821a0122b702093c1ad4b14b065061c45da5ab2b3ca20b53f3ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"d210bb5707224ba558f4dd46d62adb539d05942215bad823d7d6f9140ad570bf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254782Z","signature_b64":"emWPiZFmnGLU+Tj/wUIN0QO6TYTMeWv6wAvIePwrekLU8UUBYOQWh9E4Ie9ERKvXlFXej88Oh/v95Roy7SgRCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d46c859d02949a4777d70c426ecd02f8134fc12e2b84d1dc9b32c2d264df5759","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254274Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254274Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Attentive History Selection for Conversational Question Answering","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.IR","authors_text":"Cen Chen, Chen Qu, Liu Yang, Minghui Qiu, Mohit Iyyer, W. Bruce Croft, Yongfeng Zhang","submitted_at":"2019-08-26T03:39:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Conversational question answering (ConvQA) is a simplified but concrete setting of conversational search. One of its major challenges is to leverage the conversation history to understand and answer the current question. In this work, we propose a novel solution for ConvQA that involves three aspects. First, we propose a positional history answer embedding method to encode conversation history with position information using BERT in a natural way. BERT is a powerful technique for text representation. Second, we design a history attention mechanism (HAM) to conduct a \"soft selection\" for conver"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.09456","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.09456/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.09456","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254340+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.09456v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254340+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.09456","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254340+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2RWILHICSSNE","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254340+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2RWILHICSSNEO56X","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254340+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2RWILHIC","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254340+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A","json":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/2RWILHIC"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/2RWILHIC","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1908.09456&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/2RWILHICSSNEO56XBRBG5TIC7A/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254340+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:40.254340+00:00"}