{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN","short_pith_number":"pith:2SIG5Z3G","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.13430","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SD","submitted_at":"2022-04-28T12:01:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.AS"],"title_canon_sha256":"824a8919c4e052d05fc9f55be4cc756f728cc9d56e68900b24abeda7bf0b468b","abstract_canon_sha256":"57666cdc2eec5c2b96253c7a6b1b358cfd75b6e081e04df5dc51be6588757a4e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d4906ee766020c165cec9275d9edb53379c051ec0be7c9e565916d8caf2f3dc6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2204.13430","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.13430","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.13430v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.13430","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2SIG5Z3GAIGB","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHM","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2SIG5Z3G","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.13430","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SD","submitted_at":"2022-04-28T12:01:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.AS"],"title_canon_sha256":"824a8919c4e052d05fc9f55be4cc756f728cc9d56e68900b24abeda7bf0b468b","abstract_canon_sha256":"57666cdc2eec5c2b96253c7a6b1b358cfd75b6e081e04df5dc51be6588757a4e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d4906ee766020c165cec9275d9edb53379c051ec0be7c9e565916d8caf2f3dc6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34.840522Z","signature_b64":"woK9usUm5tcvrNM86jZUmVjEngvHaF8e+viemG6GQn2nTd1QUhBGHr/q3zmRVfDUr8loTTovVx5vffd/irRPAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d4906ee766020c165cec9275d9edb53379c051ec0be7c9e565916d8caf2f3dc6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34.840050Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34.840050Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2204.13430","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ciT+q/IiBrtrVlIxQGFVAioHQSVx36L02w73XRYZS/xxpm+9emDfRoM9BLLgruDAMp5NNHW6UTX4B6TQScZSAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T07:22:27.619388Z"},"content_sha256":"402dfa422949ae7fab7cb37ebb37a893e608eb9cb2ba4f0190168e07e9dd974a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:402dfa422949ae7fab7cb37ebb37a893e608eb9cb2ba4f0190168e07e9dd974a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Pseudo strong labels for large scale weakly supervised audio tagging","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["eess.AS"],"primary_cat":"cs.SD","authors_text":"Heinrich Dinkel, Junbo Zhang, Yongqing Wang, Yujun Wang, Zhiyong Yan","submitted_at":"2022-04-28T12:01:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large-scale audio tagging datasets inevitably contain imperfect labels, such as clip-wise annotated (temporally weak) tags with no exact on- and offsets, due to a high manual labeling cost. This work proposes pseudo strong labels (PSL), a simple label augmentation framework that enhances the supervision quality for large-scale weakly supervised audio tagging. A machine annotator is first trained on a large weakly supervised dataset, which then provides finer supervision for a student model. Using PSL we achieve an mAP of 35.95 balanced train subset of Audioset using a MobileNetV2 back-end, sig"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.13430","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2204.13430/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q7tPyB88nDrkUVxxnOi11qiRCvt9rztizxRP6ayxY8M4T6f0IvCZpj8vLzCpEZvF2MMVVZD2beHQJ1wABI6XBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T07:22:27.619776Z"},"content_sha256":"ef8e4c72762b7949e79ccaec72d6cfcf7d6321c312ec9727b534332e8f30a634","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef8e4c72762b7949e79ccaec72d6cfcf7d6321c312ec9727b534332e8f30a634"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T07:22:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHMSJ25T3NVGN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57666cdc2eec5c2b96253c7a6b1b358cfd75b6e081e04df5dc51be6588757a4e","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.AS"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SD","submitted_at":"2022-04-28T12:01:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"824a8919c4e052d05fc9f55be4cc756f728cc9d56e68900b24abeda7bf0b468b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.13430","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.13430","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.13430v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.13430","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2SIG5Z3GAIGB","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2SIG5Z3GAIGBMXHM","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2SIG5Z3G","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ef8e4c72762b7949e79ccaec72d6cfcf7d6321c312ec9727b534332e8f30a634","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2204.13430/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large-scale audio tagging datasets inevitably contain imperfect labels, such as clip-wise annotated (temporally weak) tags with no exact on- and offsets, due to a high manual labeling cost. This work proposes pseudo strong labels (PSL), a simple label augmentation framework that enhances the supervision quality for large-scale weakly supervised audio tagging. A machine annotator is first trained on a large weakly supervised dataset, which then provides finer supervision for a student model. Using PSL we achieve an mAP of 35.95 balanced train subset of Audioset using a MobileNetV2 back-end, sig","authors_text":"Heinrich Dinkel, Junbo Zhang, Yongqing Wang, Yujun Wang, Zhiyong Yan","cross_cats":["eess.AS"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SD","submitted_at":"2022-04-28T12:01:16Z","title":"Pseudo strong labels for large scale weakly supervised audio tagging"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.13430","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:402dfa422949ae7fab7cb37ebb37a893e608eb9cb2ba4f0190168e07e9dd974a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57666cdc2eec5c2b96253c7a6b1b358cfd75b6e081e04df5dc51be6588757a4e","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.AS"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SD","submitted_at":"2022-04-28T12:01:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"824a8919c4e052d05fc9f55be4cc756f728cc9d56e68900b24abeda7bf0b468b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.13430","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d4906ee766020c165cec9275d9edb53379c051ec0be7c9e565916d8caf2f3dc6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d4906ee766020c165cec9275d9edb53379c051ec0be7c9e565916d8caf2f3dc6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34.840050Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34.840050Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"woK9usUm5tcvrNM86jZUmVjEngvHaF8e+viemG6GQn2nTd1QUhBGHr/q3zmRVfDUr8loTTovVx5vffd/irRPAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:18:34.840522Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2204.13430","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:402dfa422949ae7fab7cb37ebb37a893e608eb9cb2ba4f0190168e07e9dd974a","sha256:ef8e4c72762b7949e79ccaec72d6cfcf7d6321c312ec9727b534332e8f30a634"],"state_sha256":"97b0fc4f0c7fb458c7e1ad9331b718f1511ccc02ebe7acc233f0d2cbbc518629"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IBEe+zOjHD3l9kPVCii4VSJ3qIFlgDLeGn8jRcrLi4Cynq3Zyd+nxqcwUqZVWX8JJa/S1eSE9xD111ymErvzCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T07:22:27.622610Z","bundle_sha256":"e2b29b247246a28f94f6c64074ad25dd1d074937a1822f6990b462ed73384159"}}