{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR","short_pith_number":"pith:2U43PXJE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.06921","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2023-08-14T03:52:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"160b22b580802886c753ad2429bac02c2b6154a8bf3d6c6919509f0b58e9246f","abstract_canon_sha256":"631ff3f3146be2484b5a327ac4f4236af327a675c077e54f756a8027328c5a97"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d539b7dd24d7b13b85e9efec11d9b29462beebe1771e5fcd451928f593ba4a3f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2308.06921","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.06921","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.06921v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.06921","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2U43PXJE26YT","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2U43PXJE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2308.06921","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2023-08-14T03:52:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"160b22b580802886c753ad2429bac02c2b6154a8bf3d6c6919509f0b58e9246f","abstract_canon_sha256":"631ff3f3146be2484b5a327ac4f4236af327a675c077e54f756a8027328c5a97"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d539b7dd24d7b13b85e9efec11d9b29462beebe1771e5fcd451928f593ba4a3f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47.171066Z","signature_b64":"WV+2srIBHPdw+ppMdcXdI5nK/Zb6iNgMOpYbfCRd2z8wkVi6sAMlscwfUCIs0pEAEvVk1Drc2Is0jP+B9++BAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d539b7dd24d7b13b85e9efec11d9b29462beebe1771e5fcd451928f593ba4a3f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47.170642Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47.170642Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2308.06921","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"F181IW0Sq5PmtTHvhzdorE7Q7cysu1M+vYve7FrnYiaIFEqVozH5HXWkYAPP3/T2t4XHtLNfqrQhgVrAeu5DAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T16:47:19.546517Z"},"content_sha256":"90565938c957ba73bc4ea687fb0c9cbc838f668dc126cf347bdb1755454e7eca","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:90565938c957ba73bc4ea687fb0c9cbc838f668dc126cf347bdb1755454e7eca"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"CodeHelp: Using Large Language Models with Guardrails for Scalable Support in Programming Classes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Brad Sheese, Jaromir Savelka, Mark Liffiton, Paul Denny","submitted_at":"2023-08-14T03:52:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Computing educators face significant challenges in providing timely support to students, especially in large class settings. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged recently and show great promise for providing on-demand help at a large scale, but there are concerns that students may over-rely on the outputs produced by these models. In this paper, we introduce CodeHelp, a novel LLM-powered tool designed with guardrails to provide on-demand assistance to programming students without directly revealing solutions. We detail the design of the tool, which incorporates a number of useful features"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.06921","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2308.06921/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pJhn8+FtC2yiu0V+qTXK+pyT7n2xECVqTglhGvcogNbguW/wCeMOjKcAi+GuDXbs3XYbxLvLeP9VNdB35bphCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T16:47:19.547016Z"},"content_sha256":"6b4618e82c86b3529860bc4bf04796501ee5c21e2e22bc66ca3188afd06d8d2c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6b4618e82c86b3529860bc4bf04796501ee5c21e2e22bc66ca3188afd06d8d2c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T16:47:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ57WBDWNSSR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"631ff3f3146be2484b5a327ac4f4236af327a675c077e54f756a8027328c5a97","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2023-08-14T03:52:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"160b22b580802886c753ad2429bac02c2b6154a8bf3d6c6919509f0b58e9246f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.06921","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2308.06921","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2308.06921v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2308.06921","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2U43PXJE26YT","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2U43PXJE26YTXBPJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2U43PXJE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6b4618e82c86b3529860bc4bf04796501ee5c21e2e22bc66ca3188afd06d8d2c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2308.06921/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Computing educators face significant challenges in providing timely support to students, especially in large class settings. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged recently and show great promise for providing on-demand help at a large scale, but there are concerns that students may over-rely on the outputs produced by these models. In this paper, we introduce CodeHelp, a novel LLM-powered tool designed with guardrails to provide on-demand assistance to programming students without directly revealing solutions. We detail the design of the tool, which incorporates a number of useful features","authors_text":"Brad Sheese, Jaromir Savelka, Mark Liffiton, Paul Denny","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2023-08-14T03:52:24Z","title":"CodeHelp: Using Large Language Models with Guardrails for Scalable Support in Programming Classes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.06921","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:90565938c957ba73bc4ea687fb0c9cbc838f668dc126cf347bdb1755454e7eca","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"631ff3f3146be2484b5a327ac4f4236af327a675c077e54f756a8027328c5a97","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2023-08-14T03:52:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"160b22b580802886c753ad2429bac02c2b6154a8bf3d6c6919509f0b58e9246f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2308.06921","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d539b7dd24d7b13b85e9efec11d9b29462beebe1771e5fcd451928f593ba4a3f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d539b7dd24d7b13b85e9efec11d9b29462beebe1771e5fcd451928f593ba4a3f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47.170642Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47.170642Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WV+2srIBHPdw+ppMdcXdI5nK/Zb6iNgMOpYbfCRd2z8wkVi6sAMlscwfUCIs0pEAEvVk1Drc2Is0jP+B9++BAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:40:47.171066Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2308.06921","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:90565938c957ba73bc4ea687fb0c9cbc838f668dc126cf347bdb1755454e7eca","sha256:6b4618e82c86b3529860bc4bf04796501ee5c21e2e22bc66ca3188afd06d8d2c"],"state_sha256":"ed4e5b348008519a64f5be9b879aad771edb8a5bccc4844b092f48bc76c14703"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"12LcFLYuaWEPM2v0p5uGadVCQjpRGObU91AadkOazHixR4flfiIFx051IMXvxVUl0SismGdHO8hcdQ/Yvd2rBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T16:47:19.551549Z","bundle_sha256":"26133e5abee16339f8ea3697cf870dc6ef8d66590fca955976c8ba8ed390356c"}}