{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ","short_pith_number":"pith:2UJEODLO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.14895","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-03-19T04:39:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"f24358572b67d7fbab6ad6373c5c6ec95e495139df69dc7299ec9aaf0ca0a460","abstract_canon_sha256":"4c9b6346b8af07dcda2be0df243f1b41d74b24cde262652983eb9286074b98e4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d512470d6e9e24b46055f55073d0928e66e6ac29768b1dade8963b0d97b7cb2d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.14895","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.14895","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.14895v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.14895","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2UJEODLOTYSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2UJEODLO","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.14895","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-03-19T04:39:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"f24358572b67d7fbab6ad6373c5c6ec95e495139df69dc7299ec9aaf0ca0a460","abstract_canon_sha256":"4c9b6346b8af07dcda2be0df243f1b41d74b24cde262652983eb9286074b98e4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d512470d6e9e24b46055f55073d0928e66e6ac29768b1dade8963b0d97b7cb2d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26.797409Z","signature_b64":"pFYyg1DvQwRB8xSrjogS2rwOwA919NV0eO0U5WaBjYpsBxwiICDy/ez382eVc2Fe99XJDA/5WImuav52ySTdCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d512470d6e9e24b46055f55073d0928e66e6ac29768b1dade8963b0d97b7cb2d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26.796107Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26.796107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.14895","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zbN0uvdr3IQOjyOV9eFMK+IGwenSsXlmVH1JRKM/F7+iy2rhvcGy3Mgj3r22xUNbnnIuGGuC7tbm2kw8STL6DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T15:58:32.450971Z"},"content_sha256":"cced18f82932bedb8a667ed3250aa8ae8a9d8a7222762b90c4cdeb861b74c412","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cced18f82932bedb8a667ed3250aa8ae8a9d8a7222762b90c4cdeb861b74c412"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Mitigating Object Hallucinations in MLLMs via Multi-Frequency Perturbations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Guodong Zheng, Jiajun Sun, Qi Zhang, Shuo Li, Tao Gui, Tao Ji, Wenming Tan, Xiaoran Fan, Xuanjing Huang, Yi Lu, Yujiong Shen, Yuming Yang, Zhiheng Xi","submitted_at":"2025-03-19T04:39:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in visual-language tasks. However, the authenticity of the responses generated by MLLMs is often compromised by object hallucinations. We identify that a key cause of these hallucinations is the model's over-susceptibility to specific image frequency features in detecting objects. In this paper, we introduce Multi-Frequency Perturbations (MFP), a simple, cost-effective, and pluggable method that leverages both low-frequency and high-frequency features of images to perturb visual feature representations "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.14895","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.14895/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"51q2v+O7nCAHI5bQ0rVTtFmg0sIoghFvhvHa8YMMUeehBhXwPs3hk0sL/7Y75AuxlhzImaVNZpdjD9MqPgeHDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T15:58:32.451472Z"},"content_sha256":"352a9fa000385c0a232b5a4928ec9a663cc2f417322229506d69b1dd88e8e01f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:352a9fa000385c0a232b5a4928ec9a663cc2f417322229506d69b1dd88e8e01f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-02T15:58:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV6VIHHUESRZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4c9b6346b8af07dcda2be0df243f1b41d74b24cde262652983eb9286074b98e4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-03-19T04:39:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"f24358572b67d7fbab6ad6373c5c6ec95e495139df69dc7299ec9aaf0ca0a460"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.14895","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.14895","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.14895v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.14895","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2UJEODLOTYSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2UJEODLOTYSLIYCV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2UJEODLO","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:352a9fa000385c0a232b5a4928ec9a663cc2f417322229506d69b1dd88e8e01f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.14895/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in visual-language tasks. However, the authenticity of the responses generated by MLLMs is often compromised by object hallucinations. We identify that a key cause of these hallucinations is the model's over-susceptibility to specific image frequency features in detecting objects. In this paper, we introduce Multi-Frequency Perturbations (MFP), a simple, cost-effective, and pluggable method that leverages both low-frequency and high-frequency features of images to perturb visual feature representations ","authors_text":"Guodong Zheng, Jiajun Sun, Qi Zhang, Shuo Li, Tao Gui, Tao Ji, Wenming Tan, Xiaoran Fan, Xuanjing Huang, Yi Lu, Yujiong Shen, Yuming Yang, Zhiheng Xi","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-03-19T04:39:45Z","title":"Mitigating Object Hallucinations in MLLMs via Multi-Frequency Perturbations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.14895","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cced18f82932bedb8a667ed3250aa8ae8a9d8a7222762b90c4cdeb861b74c412","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4c9b6346b8af07dcda2be0df243f1b41d74b24cde262652983eb9286074b98e4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-03-19T04:39:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"f24358572b67d7fbab6ad6373c5c6ec95e495139df69dc7299ec9aaf0ca0a460"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.14895","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d512470d6e9e24b46055f55073d0928e66e6ac29768b1dade8963b0d97b7cb2d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d512470d6e9e24b46055f55073d0928e66e6ac29768b1dade8963b0d97b7cb2d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26.796107Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26.796107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pFYyg1DvQwRB8xSrjogS2rwOwA919NV0eO0U5WaBjYpsBxwiICDy/ez382eVc2Fe99XJDA/5WImuav52ySTdCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:34:26.797409Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.14895","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cced18f82932bedb8a667ed3250aa8ae8a9d8a7222762b90c4cdeb861b74c412","sha256:352a9fa000385c0a232b5a4928ec9a663cc2f417322229506d69b1dd88e8e01f"],"state_sha256":"9dd6a1c93947c1a2bc9fc16964194fd9d7767ef44804a89593a9920ebe7872d1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8ZgHASvijDW/GV23GhB89U0XwrjIrm71dK0+99AadwS/EenZBjkPeBNt/qTSKQxUIYWNEUDeNK5PLRkxeHHWCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T15:58:32.455859Z","bundle_sha256":"6c945202843a3fab443744df70a040f70b074091a5858af46b042f17f063f01a"}}