{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2020:2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H","short_pith_number":"pith:2WC4WBX3","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"d585cb06fb5c866de3e4b268aebd82f9def1c0e489cfb11de7c224d99d78fc67","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.01079","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Understanding Linearity of Cross-Lingual Word Embedding Mappings","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chenghua Lin, Chen Li, Mark Stevenson, Xutan Peng","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T15:40:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"The technique of Cross-Lingual Word Embedding (CLWE) plays a fundamental role in tackling Natural Language Processing challenges for low-resource languages. Its dominant approaches assumed that the relationship between embeddings could be represented by a linear mapping, but there has been no exploration of the conditions under which this assumption holds. Such a research gap becomes very critical recently, as it has been evidenced that relaxing mappings to be non-linear can lead to better performance in some cases. We, for the first time, present a theoretical analysis that identifies the pre"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.01079","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T15:40:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4aa556d002363b454909a03cec5f57c9ca9a704d94952215c492db2cc302c41c","abstract_canon_sha256":"65797053f553465f749fdd7f555c76c9930d042c433b10947544be8b48f1682e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808578Z","signature_b64":"7MdfDlKO6jBz7qfmwq08WzqlilSO1cHNhTxvihe8Pz5aPVRdBgEfNSroziLTlDhAmZdI4dHRkmss0PMwrMC8Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d585cb06fb5c866de3e4b268aebd82f9def1c0e489cfb11de7c224d99d78fc67","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808232Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808232Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Understanding Linearity of Cross-Lingual Word Embedding Mappings","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chenghua Lin, Chen Li, Mark Stevenson, Xutan Peng","submitted_at":"2020-04-02T15:40:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"The technique of Cross-Lingual Word Embedding (CLWE) plays a fundamental role in tackling Natural Language Processing challenges for low-resource languages. Its dominant approaches assumed that the relationship between embeddings could be represented by a linear mapping, but there has been no exploration of the conditions under which this assumption holds. Such a research gap becomes very critical recently, as it has been evidenced that relaxing mappings to be non-linear can lead to better performance in some cases. We, for the first time, present a theoretical analysis that identifies the pre"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.01079","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.01079/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.01079","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808283+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.01079v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808283+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.01079","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808283+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2WC4WBX3LSDG","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808283+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7E","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808283+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2WC4WBX3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808283+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H","json":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/2WC4WBX3"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/2WC4WBX3","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2004.01079&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/2WC4WBX3LSDG3Y7EWJUK5PMC7H/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808283+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T04:30:49.808283+00:00"}