{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE","short_pith_number":"pith:2WCAKCTQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.09583","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-10-22T22:33:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","cs.LG","econ.EM","math.IT","physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"82fd3c7fbcf199e5e6eb36d93abd777899d118d39cb33f8cd0cb937c258d8ace","abstract_canon_sha256":"45a7566f6a8a7cdecd1f6a149d092ced02e95f10d9c409fcce9446bf46c478eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d584050a70fe9682c4253bf77a34a0510d3975a960ee2b79dad98c8f4a3052b3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1810.09583","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.09583","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.09583v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.09583","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2WCAKCTQ72LI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2WCAKCTQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.09583","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-10-22T22:33:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","cs.LG","econ.EM","math.IT","physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"82fd3c7fbcf199e5e6eb36d93abd777899d118d39cb33f8cd0cb937c258d8ace","abstract_canon_sha256":"45a7566f6a8a7cdecd1f6a149d092ced02e95f10d9c409fcce9446bf46c478eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d584050a70fe9682c4253bf77a34a0510d3975a960ee2b79dad98c8f4a3052b3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29.963247Z","signature_b64":"bOejlPqLZNYFW7IgudgjzoZfiEo0JEiZiErxH5/m6vCBBE17C/6GjIP7W2odcXxxG5xNsX8e3/nQa3eU+qt3BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d584050a70fe9682c4253bf77a34a0510d3975a960ee2b79dad98c8f4a3052b3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29.962632Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29.962632Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1810.09583","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/Qe6AzTOdCOC4p2KJNHo6vrmabPd4wqEOYZET9JSKxoR5dB/by6AHC3wve5FFbJkZ2T3zDCuzsOBI5JumJy6AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T16:34:54.812130Z"},"content_sha256":"b1be6b2f67318784e6eae56c5a4c94fb67c70ffe3215533d5210bac17a3a977b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b1be6b2f67318784e6eae56c5a4c94fb67c70ffe3215533d5210bac17a3a977b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Model Selection Techniques -- An Overview","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","cs.LG","econ.EM","math.IT","physics.app-ph"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Jie Ding, Vahid Tarokh, Yuhong Yang","submitted_at":"2018-10-22T22:33:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the era of big data, analysts usually explore various statistical models or machine learning methods for observed data in order to facilitate scientific discoveries or gain predictive power. Whatever data and fitting procedures are employed, a crucial step is to select the most appropriate model or method from a set of candidates. Model selection is a key ingredient in data analysis for reliable and reproducible statistical inference or prediction, and thus central to scientific studies in fields such as ecology, economics, engineering, finance, political science, biology, and epidemiology."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.09583","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pceyHr3DKZPPWMOicsB5Jz1wKl9qqZi5ursbywYxhx+0r6dErUJt/67QfUWifxwWiWHt7399uw2HIc2OGDulBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T16:34:54.812832Z"},"content_sha256":"7fc267ddd0bf6136dec08456bdada5cfda7aed2c2ec748ea31810a88b44cb7eb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7fc267ddd0bf6136dec08456bdada5cfda7aed2c2ec748ea31810a88b44cb7eb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T16:34:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBFHP3XUNFAKE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45a7566f6a8a7cdecd1f6a149d092ced02e95f10d9c409fcce9446bf46c478eb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","cs.LG","econ.EM","math.IT","physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-10-22T22:33:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"82fd3c7fbcf199e5e6eb36d93abd777899d118d39cb33f8cd0cb937c258d8ace"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.09583","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.09583","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.09583v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.09583","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2WCAKCTQ72LI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2WCAKCTQ72LIFRBF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2WCAKCTQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7fc267ddd0bf6136dec08456bdada5cfda7aed2c2ec748ea31810a88b44cb7eb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the era of big data, analysts usually explore various statistical models or machine learning methods for observed data in order to facilitate scientific discoveries or gain predictive power. Whatever data and fitting procedures are employed, a crucial step is to select the most appropriate model or method from a set of candidates. Model selection is a key ingredient in data analysis for reliable and reproducible statistical inference or prediction, and thus central to scientific studies in fields such as ecology, economics, engineering, finance, political science, biology, and epidemiology.","authors_text":"Jie Ding, Vahid Tarokh, Yuhong Yang","cross_cats":["cs.IT","cs.LG","econ.EM","math.IT","physics.app-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-10-22T22:33:44Z","title":"Model Selection Techniques -- An Overview"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.09583","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b1be6b2f67318784e6eae56c5a4c94fb67c70ffe3215533d5210bac17a3a977b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45a7566f6a8a7cdecd1f6a149d092ced02e95f10d9c409fcce9446bf46c478eb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","cs.LG","econ.EM","math.IT","physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2018-10-22T22:33:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"82fd3c7fbcf199e5e6eb36d93abd777899d118d39cb33f8cd0cb937c258d8ace"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.09583","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d584050a70fe9682c4253bf77a34a0510d3975a960ee2b79dad98c8f4a3052b3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d584050a70fe9682c4253bf77a34a0510d3975a960ee2b79dad98c8f4a3052b3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29.962632Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29.962632Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bOejlPqLZNYFW7IgudgjzoZfiEo0JEiZiErxH5/m6vCBBE17C/6GjIP7W2odcXxxG5xNsX8e3/nQa3eU+qt3BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:29.963247Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1810.09583","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b1be6b2f67318784e6eae56c5a4c94fb67c70ffe3215533d5210bac17a3a977b","sha256:7fc267ddd0bf6136dec08456bdada5cfda7aed2c2ec748ea31810a88b44cb7eb"],"state_sha256":"d39e8165b9682b517159e2b501f5ddee49da9ed4fcdb0ddcf500c8a80e3c7932"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kLPtGfaLYoGFXSktwmGFZfd5tqA1NfdQUKInKvKUiGRAZVKWZceBKh1Hwoo9jYxjaew1c9ZG9bNiV24SYp9SDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T16:34:54.817503Z","bundle_sha256":"ac45c9cfe5bc9e5abbfa24d85b13f62d26d672d615eb472ef380ba726ad79cc0"}}