{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32","short_pith_number":"pith:2ZQRL23M","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.00056","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T21:39:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"b5829516dec451997702de6a52d42afcbc298afbe7846f224de5907f263f0a21","abstract_canon_sha256":"57a3675378e6fd7954193cd741694478f078581bdc09220d65a4d642a487dedc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d66115eb6c3935d002979ebe06dbd5de80f157996686a5ed8bbb6e833d8ce466","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.00056","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.00056","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.00056v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.00056","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ZQRL23MHE25","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ZQRL23MHE25AAUX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ZQRL23M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.00056","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T21:39:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"b5829516dec451997702de6a52d42afcbc298afbe7846f224de5907f263f0a21","abstract_canon_sha256":"57a3675378e6fd7954193cd741694478f078581bdc09220d65a4d642a487dedc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d66115eb6c3935d002979ebe06dbd5de80f157996686a5ed8bbb6e833d8ce466","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24.207688Z","signature_b64":"dFlcHIZnmhZfv5mt8HFCFIQAGIvmzqztTfWVTlN2e7XOyY/QuwcqSUYpEZgcP9/v/fES38Ehlz556W4C0XYwCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d66115eb6c3935d002979ebe06dbd5de80f157996686a5ed8bbb6e833d8ce466","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24.207037Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24.207037Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1603.00056","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zjFb/RN3j5q1Wj0SF8vLnbjLBB6IiuwramZF1fYJb1mRkzVxStW55SHKxpjFLBJUqEghM4HMD0gm7lMlG0UbDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:25:23.947802Z"},"content_sha256":"abeaf3d5c0c34acb2788427607347e336a40ecda581241e2da5a92c96b1b8a1d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:abeaf3d5c0c34acb2788427607347e336a40ecda581241e2da5a92c96b1b8a1d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Probing Theories of Gravity with Phase Space-Inferred Potentials of Galaxy Clusters","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Alejo Stark, Baojiu Li, Christopher J. Miller, Daniel Gifford, Gong-Bo Zhao, Kazuya Koyama, Nicholas Kern, Robert C. Nichol","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T21:39:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Modified theories of gravity provide us with a unique opportunity to generate innovative tests of gravity. In Chameleon f(R) gravity, the gravitational potential differs from the weak-field limit of general relativity (GR) in a mass dependent way. We develop a probe of gravity which compares high mass clusters, where Chameleon effects are weak, to low mass clusters, where the effects can be strong. We utilize the escape velocity edges in the radius/velocity phase space to infer the gravitational potential profiles on scales of 0.3-1 virial radii. We show that the escape edges of low mass clust"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.00056","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bT5LbXLNFBE1Erh+wOS6ZPJkiWSq1QdGO/kyMO0+AxsLiIn7ymK2F52gw7gEEYrux2v6rPhRJSwlzK7K/WnOAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:25:23.948169Z"},"content_sha256":"e0a73254037df89ad566422199181fd64cccedec64aebe1db452d237e58edfe6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e0a73254037df89ad566422199181fd64cccedec64aebe1db452d237e58edfe6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T01:25:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:2ZQRL23MHE25AAUXT27ANW6V32","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57a3675378e6fd7954193cd741694478f078581bdc09220d65a4d642a487dedc","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T21:39:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"b5829516dec451997702de6a52d42afcbc298afbe7846f224de5907f263f0a21"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.00056","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.00056","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.00056v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.00056","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ZQRL23MHE25","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ZQRL23MHE25AAUX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ZQRL23M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e0a73254037df89ad566422199181fd64cccedec64aebe1db452d237e58edfe6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Modified theories of gravity provide us with a unique opportunity to generate innovative tests of gravity. In Chameleon f(R) gravity, the gravitational potential differs from the weak-field limit of general relativity (GR) in a mass dependent way. We develop a probe of gravity which compares high mass clusters, where Chameleon effects are weak, to low mass clusters, where the effects can be strong. We utilize the escape velocity edges in the radius/velocity phase space to infer the gravitational potential profiles on scales of 0.3-1 virial radii. We show that the escape edges of low mass clust","authors_text":"Alejo Stark, Baojiu Li, Christopher J. Miller, Daniel Gifford, Gong-Bo Zhao, Kazuya Koyama, Nicholas Kern, Robert C. Nichol","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T21:39:53Z","title":"Probing Theories of Gravity with Phase Space-Inferred Potentials of Galaxy Clusters"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.00056","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:abeaf3d5c0c34acb2788427607347e336a40ecda581241e2da5a92c96b1b8a1d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57a3675378e6fd7954193cd741694478f078581bdc09220d65a4d642a487dedc","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T21:39:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"b5829516dec451997702de6a52d42afcbc298afbe7846f224de5907f263f0a21"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.00056","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d66115eb6c3935d002979ebe06dbd5de80f157996686a5ed8bbb6e833d8ce466","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d66115eb6c3935d002979ebe06dbd5de80f157996686a5ed8bbb6e833d8ce466","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24.207037Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24.207037Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dFlcHIZnmhZfv5mt8HFCFIQAGIvmzqztTfWVTlN2e7XOyY/QuwcqSUYpEZgcP9/v/fES38Ehlz556W4C0XYwCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:16:24.207688Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1603.00056","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:abeaf3d5c0c34acb2788427607347e336a40ecda581241e2da5a92c96b1b8a1d","sha256:e0a73254037df89ad566422199181fd64cccedec64aebe1db452d237e58edfe6"],"state_sha256":"c5e31b0f53041ef034064e593c6d901427f781736e7a334aef13d7fae9036c6d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FoEi9YPPn2NpLKWlOpH6+B+5VlH8rREsNuY3s8LQhJGtOM3+R+S//XYE7qsKuzECn4lmfF4Kgz/7UVD9evS9CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T01:25:23.950137Z","bundle_sha256":"37b59143ceeaf3035a0b6d50e11cf5991964651eaf8744b45594b846ae109955"}}