{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC","short_pith_number":"pith:2ZUI3SH6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1512.09280","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-31T13:11:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ad0c031c753192c631951786adba79d6d858dd4534a5d7408234cf0c26b247a4","abstract_canon_sha256":"37653d4fec9d5710f2fd298752bbaa4bba4607fe0c0ca39ed9ac760c6ce594f6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d6688dc8fe6f545993f350d01ceea5a88158b7445e29b90f5c11208c5d9157b8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1512.09280","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1512.09280","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1512.09280v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1512.09280","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ZUI3SH6N5KF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ZUI3SH6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1512.09280","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-31T13:11:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ad0c031c753192c631951786adba79d6d858dd4534a5d7408234cf0c26b247a4","abstract_canon_sha256":"37653d4fec9d5710f2fd298752bbaa4bba4607fe0c0ca39ed9ac760c6ce594f6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d6688dc8fe6f545993f350d01ceea5a88158b7445e29b90f5c11208c5d9157b8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32.769291Z","signature_b64":"Oo2M0OadnaQNlCMHFQ/jbq+DWOvCNlPM+3cKpD6JA74yu6ZDCJcdLVcizTaROYFDUk1la8/ysU3I5+8UU2okBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d6688dc8fe6f545993f350d01ceea5a88158b7445e29b90f5c11208c5d9157b8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32.768654Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32.768654Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1512.09280","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gmYAKrYOPOuCdFedmUO/ocNnRLv0GqQu8FL0JOVYEH4VAVm50iiNrRVZG+18gFi57o+51Rk0TvhNRt4f1vK6Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T08:07:22.119885Z"},"content_sha256":"ce75d2f0115994de0ef5634542078c0cc38e812cd929a1279815e395a82a37ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ce75d2f0115994de0ef5634542078c0cc38e812cd929a1279815e395a82a37ae"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Fractal Geometry of the Balance Sheet and the Fractal Index of Insolvency Risk","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","authors_text":"A.K.M. Azhar, H. Zainuddin, Vincent B.Y. Gan, W.A.T. Wan Abdullah","submitted_at":"2015-12-31T13:11:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper reviews the economic and theoretical foundations of insolvency risk measurement and capital adequacy rules. The proposed new measure of insolvency risk is constructed by disentangling assets, debt and equity at the micro-prudential firm level. This new risk index is the Firm Insolvency Risk Index (FIRI) which is symmetrical, proportional and scale invariant. We demonstrate that the balance sheet can be shown to evolve with a fractal pattern. As such we construct a fractal index that can measure the risk of assets. This index can differentiate between the similarity and dissimilarity"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.09280","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CemuMeJhFr819XT8gIRoXkqMhUhHA6rkHx1gWywUCE3Mzmee90l237Fjkv8Wx9sT15Xv2maIzT9+IaEq0XgnDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T08:07:22.120231Z"},"content_sha256":"eeb9053415dce4e2d455838238d7e68cd4fc81a5c71c8f596f9625775a0d42e8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eeb9053415dce4e2d455838238d7e68cd4fc81a5c71c8f596f9625775a0d42e8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-30T08:07:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7TKDIBZ3VFVC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"37653d4fec9d5710f2fd298752bbaa4bba4607fe0c0ca39ed9ac760c6ce594f6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-31T13:11:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"ad0c031c753192c631951786adba79d6d858dd4534a5d7408234cf0c26b247a4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1512.09280","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1512.09280","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1512.09280v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1512.09280","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2ZUI3SH6N5KF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2ZUI3SH6N5KFTE7T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2ZUI3SH6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:eeb9053415dce4e2d455838238d7e68cd4fc81a5c71c8f596f9625775a0d42e8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper reviews the economic and theoretical foundations of insolvency risk measurement and capital adequacy rules. The proposed new measure of insolvency risk is constructed by disentangling assets, debt and equity at the micro-prudential firm level. This new risk index is the Firm Insolvency Risk Index (FIRI) which is symmetrical, proportional and scale invariant. We demonstrate that the balance sheet can be shown to evolve with a fractal pattern. As such we construct a fractal index that can measure the risk of assets. This index can differentiate between the similarity and dissimilarity","authors_text":"A.K.M. Azhar, H. Zainuddin, Vincent B.Y. Gan, W.A.T. Wan Abdullah","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-31T13:11:35Z","title":"On the Fractal Geometry of the Balance Sheet and the Fractal Index of Insolvency Risk"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.09280","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ce75d2f0115994de0ef5634542078c0cc38e812cd929a1279815e395a82a37ae","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"37653d4fec9d5710f2fd298752bbaa4bba4607fe0c0ca39ed9ac760c6ce594f6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.RM","submitted_at":"2015-12-31T13:11:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"ad0c031c753192c631951786adba79d6d858dd4534a5d7408234cf0c26b247a4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1512.09280","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d6688dc8fe6f545993f350d01ceea5a88158b7445e29b90f5c11208c5d9157b8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d6688dc8fe6f545993f350d01ceea5a88158b7445e29b90f5c11208c5d9157b8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32.768654Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32.768654Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Oo2M0OadnaQNlCMHFQ/jbq+DWOvCNlPM+3cKpD6JA74yu6ZDCJcdLVcizTaROYFDUk1la8/ysU3I5+8UU2okBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:32.769291Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1512.09280","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ce75d2f0115994de0ef5634542078c0cc38e812cd929a1279815e395a82a37ae","sha256:eeb9053415dce4e2d455838238d7e68cd4fc81a5c71c8f596f9625775a0d42e8"],"state_sha256":"6a5e9630dc7927a9f47498f197b1d2412a4f0b2e2ed15735336570b34d134ade"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4XGd4YITYgJiP+AFvaecMWAGGjgeHgP7yTAGUbOWI8TNt3bMNwmBUE+RrilBkPCDEIi16arl81ySZvRgCr1UCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T08:07:22.122229Z","bundle_sha256":"fea83fa17ddd73f5b359c2ec58ae892c07dc865b423e2972d22b626394342d69"}}