{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH","short_pith_number":"pith:32FAH2G5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0811.2329","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2008-11-14T12:44:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"312a4c3d614bddde292e11755497605fd4e0782b4fe436f2a09d2f9579368a81","abstract_canon_sha256":"1a0a840f3ffa09f67737a623c39b35b441c2852af6f609334bd7f8ec0b30729b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"de8a03e8ddbe88d2aa6d960cda3e8549d5bd415fdc4d086ebbf94415358ce70f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0811.2329","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0811.2329","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0811.2329v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0811.2329","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"32FAH2G5X2EN","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"32FAH2G5X2ENFKTN","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"32FAH2G5","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0811.2329","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2008-11-14T12:44:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"312a4c3d614bddde292e11755497605fd4e0782b4fe436f2a09d2f9579368a81","abstract_canon_sha256":"1a0a840f3ffa09f67737a623c39b35b441c2852af6f609334bd7f8ec0b30729b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"de8a03e8ddbe88d2aa6d960cda3e8549d5bd415fdc4d086ebbf94415358ce70f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07.940000Z","signature_b64":"v1YeNrGzpxc053swNKuAwDXhh5OQXDev7hXubHwAMsnr0FrbCGO9+wpNuOmwR0OkXCrDtw/mrwRqIsOMT/62Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"de8a03e8ddbe88d2aa6d960cda3e8549d5bd415fdc4d086ebbf94415358ce70f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07.939582Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07.939582Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0811.2329","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yOvk+oP8R7G+UmcFuG+loTHEXhHWPViHtqb4J6BHiEQ5z7C7f1CJvZ7wTcZ5KZWez8WsOl/IOonKMj6Py9JCCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:15:45.116582Z"},"content_sha256":"888736ab80fae81679cb04910b00bca8e7884267e2eaf26b4a169ae596453366","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:888736ab80fae81679cb04910b00bca8e7884267e2eaf26b4a169ae596453366"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Community detection in networks with positive and negative links","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Jeroen Bruggeman, V.A. Traag","submitted_at":"2008-11-14T12:44:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Detecting communities in complex networks accurately is a prime challenge, preceding further analyses of network characteristics and dynamics. Until now, community detection took into account only positively valued links, while many actual networks also feature negative links. We extend an existing Potts model to incorporate negative links as well, resulting in a method similar to the clustering of signed graphs, as dealt with in social balance theory, but more general. To illustrate our method, we applied it to a network of international alliances and disputes. Using data from 1993--2001, it "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0811.2329","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/0811.2329/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pi+1ZCnmNFHLhewL1vLJb5SO5xqElAwk01Mb4bOY5igXWAtERkR/qxVXuGQ4bO94mO5kKh/g4WpqNYTZYetCAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:15:45.116949Z"},"content_sha256":"47324a80f64145d4cea901a91a96ece15f381ee6732d477655f26f6afd3e0fb4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:47324a80f64145d4cea901a91a96ece15f381ee6732d477655f26f6afd3e0fb4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-04T23:15:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:32FAH2G5X2ENFKTNSYGNUPUFJH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1a0a840f3ffa09f67737a623c39b35b441c2852af6f609334bd7f8ec0b30729b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2008-11-14T12:44:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"312a4c3d614bddde292e11755497605fd4e0782b4fe436f2a09d2f9579368a81"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0811.2329","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0811.2329","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0811.2329v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0811.2329","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"32FAH2G5X2EN","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"32FAH2G5X2ENFKTN","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"32FAH2G5","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:47324a80f64145d4cea901a91a96ece15f381ee6732d477655f26f6afd3e0fb4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/0811.2329/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Detecting communities in complex networks accurately is a prime challenge, preceding further analyses of network characteristics and dynamics. Until now, community detection took into account only positively valued links, while many actual networks also feature negative links. We extend an existing Potts model to incorporate negative links as well, resulting in a method similar to the clustering of signed graphs, as dealt with in social balance theory, but more general. To illustrate our method, we applied it to a network of international alliances and disputes. Using data from 1993--2001, it ","authors_text":"Jeroen Bruggeman, V.A. Traag","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2008-11-14T12:44:25Z","title":"Community detection in networks with positive and negative links"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0811.2329","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:888736ab80fae81679cb04910b00bca8e7884267e2eaf26b4a169ae596453366","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1a0a840f3ffa09f67737a623c39b35b441c2852af6f609334bd7f8ec0b30729b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2008-11-14T12:44:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"312a4c3d614bddde292e11755497605fd4e0782b4fe436f2a09d2f9579368a81"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0811.2329","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"de8a03e8ddbe88d2aa6d960cda3e8549d5bd415fdc4d086ebbf94415358ce70f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"de8a03e8ddbe88d2aa6d960cda3e8549d5bd415fdc4d086ebbf94415358ce70f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07.939582Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07.939582Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"v1YeNrGzpxc053swNKuAwDXhh5OQXDev7hXubHwAMsnr0FrbCGO9+wpNuOmwR0OkXCrDtw/mrwRqIsOMT/62Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:51:07.940000Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0811.2329","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:888736ab80fae81679cb04910b00bca8e7884267e2eaf26b4a169ae596453366","sha256:47324a80f64145d4cea901a91a96ece15f381ee6732d477655f26f6afd3e0fb4"],"state_sha256":"f697b13402ea146a94da768087881a8c083e01e0448632b2b9a705943ec34ab7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iD82ubCkZThptUs2ct7hNVgjRYNJBwDRQjIFKr+2zEAzwKhGI/XzY/7HyrX9AoR5IcvElrBAPm/CWa+ZElhqCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:15:45.119260Z","bundle_sha256":"3a11b95c2a38b8b342a36d2419bc28a599c8026c053c900646c669ce34c52403"}}