{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE","short_pith_number":"pith:32YJRJMH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1706.00028","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2017-05-31T18:01:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"3c1d7402aa0c4b3d3e341ace565c996666b28acc1c8fb8da8cce2f96e3155429","abstract_canon_sha256":"442de3df89e1c2e3be9722ba9a920a2204d3a8dac852355365840cc917a02339"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"deb098a5877ddc20cb1fc8f3b14666993bc6c4ab6fc49580f4aa8c40a6834bb9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1706.00028","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1706.00028","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1706.00028v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1706.00028","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"32YJRJMHPXOC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"32YJRJMH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1706.00028","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2017-05-31T18:01:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"3c1d7402aa0c4b3d3e341ace565c996666b28acc1c8fb8da8cce2f96e3155429","abstract_canon_sha256":"442de3df89e1c2e3be9722ba9a920a2204d3a8dac852355365840cc917a02339"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"deb098a5877ddc20cb1fc8f3b14666993bc6c4ab6fc49580f4aa8c40a6834bb9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49.616694Z","signature_b64":"s6XqSDGp//GGgSNhgIIM2QgVkTrfuDzMz1NaQDaXf2hzNhJ8i0cE/3IDrgsschEV6qh+I3BD955KpFqvEOWGAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"deb098a5877ddc20cb1fc8f3b14666993bc6c4ab6fc49580f4aa8c40a6834bb9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49.616284Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49.616284Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1706.00028","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0U6peGGxGHFybSwkOcwVW2bg6eiFaK2bSip1cXUukTf7gl6m3stmzUuy6WDgwvzbpQGC+0G4N9rqKUT24cGcBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T15:34:22.858282Z"},"content_sha256":"eedb23420483d597fcf8541295961ae320b7a89841caf997e0ec5b8c7271b397","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eedb23420483d597fcf8541295961ae320b7a89841caf997e0ec5b8c7271b397"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Single-electron and single-photon sensitivity with a silicon Skipper CCD","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"Alex Drlica-Wagner, Javier Tiffenberg, Miguel Sofo-Haro, Rouven Essig, Steve Holland, Tien-Tien Yu, Tomer Volansky, Yann Guardincerri","submitted_at":"2017-05-31T18:01:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have developed a non-destructive readout system that uses a floating-gate amplifier on a thick, fully depleted charge coupled device (CCD) to achieve ultra-low readout noise of 0.068 e- rms/pix. This is the first time that discrete sub-electron readout noise has been achieved reproducibly over millions of pixels on a stable, large-area detector. This allows the precise counting of the number of electrons in each pixel, ranging from pixels with 0 electrons to more than 1500 electrons. The resulting CCD detector is thus an ultra-sensitive calorimeter. It is also capable of counting single pho"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1706.00028","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lKpGQM0iCuyT9yHeqXItKngxL8EZ3Pzacn8v79mV4K81DlNqZwCSV/neYEHyD/YDJ4V1JOT6YaWyYaFVgOHfCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T15:34:22.859019Z"},"content_sha256":"8804af5f999f35ac230f3983274dc3d72194c55d99069671f9641ac4867d2f19","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8804af5f999f35ac230f3983274dc3d72194c55d99069671f9641ac4867d2f19"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T15:34:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7ZDZ3CRTGTE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"442de3df89e1c2e3be9722ba9a920a2204d3a8dac852355365840cc917a02339","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2017-05-31T18:01:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"3c1d7402aa0c4b3d3e341ace565c996666b28acc1c8fb8da8cce2f96e3155429"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1706.00028","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1706.00028","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1706.00028v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1706.00028","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"32YJRJMHPXOC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"32YJRJMHPXOCBSY7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"32YJRJMH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8804af5f999f35ac230f3983274dc3d72194c55d99069671f9641ac4867d2f19","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We have developed a non-destructive readout system that uses a floating-gate amplifier on a thick, fully depleted charge coupled device (CCD) to achieve ultra-low readout noise of 0.068 e- rms/pix. This is the first time that discrete sub-electron readout noise has been achieved reproducibly over millions of pixels on a stable, large-area detector. This allows the precise counting of the number of electrons in each pixel, ranging from pixels with 0 electrons to more than 1500 electrons. The resulting CCD detector is thus an ultra-sensitive calorimeter. It is also capable of counting single pho","authors_text":"Alex Drlica-Wagner, Javier Tiffenberg, Miguel Sofo-Haro, Rouven Essig, Steve Holland, Tien-Tien Yu, Tomer Volansky, Yann Guardincerri","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2017-05-31T18:01:25Z","title":"Single-electron and single-photon sensitivity with a silicon Skipper CCD"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1706.00028","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:eedb23420483d597fcf8541295961ae320b7a89841caf997e0ec5b8c7271b397","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"442de3df89e1c2e3be9722ba9a920a2204d3a8dac852355365840cc917a02339","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.IM","hep-ex"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2017-05-31T18:01:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"3c1d7402aa0c4b3d3e341ace565c996666b28acc1c8fb8da8cce2f96e3155429"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1706.00028","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"deb098a5877ddc20cb1fc8f3b14666993bc6c4ab6fc49580f4aa8c40a6834bb9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"deb098a5877ddc20cb1fc8f3b14666993bc6c4ab6fc49580f4aa8c40a6834bb9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49.616284Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49.616284Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"s6XqSDGp//GGgSNhgIIM2QgVkTrfuDzMz1NaQDaXf2hzNhJ8i0cE/3IDrgsschEV6qh+I3BD955KpFqvEOWGAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:33:49.616694Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1706.00028","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:eedb23420483d597fcf8541295961ae320b7a89841caf997e0ec5b8c7271b397","sha256:8804af5f999f35ac230f3983274dc3d72194c55d99069671f9641ac4867d2f19"],"state_sha256":"636c5851c1d1ece8e17cbd2503db385dbec927e12e8379ce85204374475b7b17"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OOI1XC9uApiocNCs8oXvOg0+iogcb1ZPwF6KiPBoOznF65M1oEiQ/laLuHbUvOzuWTWPv1pZG4rlVivAqiB1AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T15:34:22.862412Z","bundle_sha256":"ac10be3c9c386aa6b2e98d8b7908fe44e2c334736c3fa95b46a1c79119d16449"}}