{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ","short_pith_number":"pith:33GKKSQP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.20131","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-30T15:10:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"43e663fa1c9262e0ddfe24401cbfe354643e6a0be1a4f9c24f5f8066b7658ba2","abstract_canon_sha256":"488fc63cb2ca714d19876e953ac326fb64f1dfdfb74630bee89ad4aa613aabbc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"decca54a0f0537834764dee8621599ce441353992fc69ed06672b199941386f0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2405.20131","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.20131","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.20131v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.20131","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"33GKKSQPAU3Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"33GKKSQP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.20131","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-30T15:10:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"43e663fa1c9262e0ddfe24401cbfe354643e6a0be1a4f9c24f5f8066b7658ba2","abstract_canon_sha256":"488fc63cb2ca714d19876e953ac326fb64f1dfdfb74630bee89ad4aa613aabbc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"decca54a0f0537834764dee8621599ce441353992fc69ed06672b199941386f0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41.238205Z","signature_b64":"cKwDOX2+45g2N72NiC3wljUE9OWry7Sp4iwWAJuzN2ftFOksvHbuFolySJOZ/Mq89IoQloNvF5/vhppuArGYAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"decca54a0f0537834764dee8621599ce441353992fc69ed06672b199941386f0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41.237744Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41.237744Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2405.20131","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FV5teT1AJe59HoTVGHHGpLvyY0Amz+uz+aBuiZPTc1PcWSU/oPVEgBFzbAoBjct9+oUpWIWyYurlmaMHAHmkAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T03:44:56.823127Z"},"content_sha256":"c08f521ebce8742f735e2f267e0d7e3bd627e1a2a16db5c7ef5f679790124c5d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c08f521ebce8742f735e2f267e0d7e3bd627e1a2a16db5c7ef5f679790124c5d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Language Models Need Inductive Biases to Count Inductively","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Yingshan Chang, Yonatan Bisk","submitted_at":"2024-05-30T15:10:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Counting is a fundamental example of generalization, whether viewed through the mathematical lens of Peano's axioms defining the natural numbers or the cognitive science literature for children learning to count. The argument holds for both cases that learning to count means learning to count infinitely. While few papers have tried to distill transformer \"reasoning\" to the simplest case of counting, investigating length generalization does occur throughout the literature. In the \"train short, test long\" paradigm of NLP, length refers to the training sentence length. In formal language recognit"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.20131","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2405.20131/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7SqAICnkww7J6QHo0c0fCibj3mu4Aa0puoEEHpLib3ZtEioUDcY3pf598IMcGVadyRhF/ceKuDD/SCkRV8tODQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T03:44:56.824020Z"},"content_sha256":"f95981f2d005004523531a79e74673f1bb7a6e6674792f0b721934b6dff364f6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f95981f2d005004523531a79e74673f1bb7a6e6674792f0b721934b6dff364f6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T03:44:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E33UGEFMZZZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"488fc63cb2ca714d19876e953ac326fb64f1dfdfb74630bee89ad4aa613aabbc","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-30T15:10:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"43e663fa1c9262e0ddfe24401cbfe354643e6a0be1a4f9c24f5f8066b7658ba2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.20131","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.20131","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.20131v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.20131","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"33GKKSQPAU3Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"33GKKSQPAU3YGR3E","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"33GKKSQP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f95981f2d005004523531a79e74673f1bb7a6e6674792f0b721934b6dff364f6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2405.20131/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Counting is a fundamental example of generalization, whether viewed through the mathematical lens of Peano's axioms defining the natural numbers or the cognitive science literature for children learning to count. The argument holds for both cases that learning to count means learning to count infinitely. While few papers have tried to distill transformer \"reasoning\" to the simplest case of counting, investigating length generalization does occur throughout the literature. In the \"train short, test long\" paradigm of NLP, length refers to the training sentence length. In formal language recognit","authors_text":"Yingshan Chang, Yonatan Bisk","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-30T15:10:37Z","title":"Language Models Need Inductive Biases to Count Inductively"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.20131","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c08f521ebce8742f735e2f267e0d7e3bd627e1a2a16db5c7ef5f679790124c5d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"488fc63cb2ca714d19876e953ac326fb64f1dfdfb74630bee89ad4aa613aabbc","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-30T15:10:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"43e663fa1c9262e0ddfe24401cbfe354643e6a0be1a4f9c24f5f8066b7658ba2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.20131","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"decca54a0f0537834764dee8621599ce441353992fc69ed06672b199941386f0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"decca54a0f0537834764dee8621599ce441353992fc69ed06672b199941386f0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41.237744Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41.237744Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"cKwDOX2+45g2N72NiC3wljUE9OWry7Sp4iwWAJuzN2ftFOksvHbuFolySJOZ/Mq89IoQloNvF5/vhppuArGYAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:36:41.238205Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2405.20131","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c08f521ebce8742f735e2f267e0d7e3bd627e1a2a16db5c7ef5f679790124c5d","sha256:f95981f2d005004523531a79e74673f1bb7a6e6674792f0b721934b6dff364f6"],"state_sha256":"8e14ad8ef8901a1cdf6c387e31eaf3dab7571823f0f43f33139ed52012f13610"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8LIQBo0tCK+dMKS22Azml/qSUGm/Gb2MG/1PgUkPXH7A+1N2Y3tLW2MLGOJxKeNtA+AZxNGN0H9W8a6HePFWBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T03:44:56.829916Z","bundle_sha256":"070c735a5ebe4f5d3ddf6b489f26904698c4aa1d78e88b456647cbbd95b559cd"}}