{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D","short_pith_number":"pith:352EOL47","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1309.3500","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-09-13T16:26:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"810fdd25cf94077c7fb8022f35680a898db67a6f76ddfd3a7b93e15bf73d7481","abstract_canon_sha256":"9315a37d30dac92bf601458a63e8020ca72caa1b50c24c3b399257fd269e480f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"df74472f9f7ca9a2626add9b3a1abce8e125878f7e08fa5cd542b5cbb948b675","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1309.3500","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1309.3500","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1309.3500v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.3500","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"352EOL47PSU2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"352EOL47PSU2EYTK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"352EOL47","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1309.3500","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-09-13T16:26:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"810fdd25cf94077c7fb8022f35680a898db67a6f76ddfd3a7b93e15bf73d7481","abstract_canon_sha256":"9315a37d30dac92bf601458a63e8020ca72caa1b50c24c3b399257fd269e480f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"df74472f9f7ca9a2626add9b3a1abce8e125878f7e08fa5cd542b5cbb948b675","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21.709815Z","signature_b64":"M93VDK1csiYXa73j73Eqd0d9JXgmA+A7Gax5PTHiDnBSzidXmclpo9Ng1I2RDuVy2TJus6jwsG+pO1YvHBUkCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"df74472f9f7ca9a2626add9b3a1abce8e125878f7e08fa5cd542b5cbb948b675","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21.709327Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21.709327Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1309.3500","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8Iaxd2oasRENvMFdx8kXUZ+0BB8TmbuytA9dcgMRY5UNcAOE8gMgaS5VAspuXMo2p97JvI+Sg8QCKFCwbteHCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T20:37:50.257785Z"},"content_sha256":"f26c487e3318205cd96f171c963539141031d952bd448f788d9773d4414240ba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f26c487e3318205cd96f171c963539141031d952bd448f788d9773d4414240ba"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Sign problem and the chiral spiral on the finite-density lattice","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Kenji Fukushima, Ryutaro Fukuda, Tomoya Hayata, Yoshimasa Hidaka","submitted_at":"2013-09-13T16:26:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the sign problem of the fermion determinant at finite baryon density in (1+1) dimensions, in which the ground state in the chiral limit should be free from the sign problem by forming a chiral spiral. To confirm it, we evaluate the fermion determinant in the continuum theory at the one-loop level and find that the determinant becomes real as expected. The conventional lattice formulation to implement a chemical potential is, however, not compatible with the spiral transformation. We discuss an alternative of the finite-density formulation and numerically verify the chiral spiral"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1309.3500","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wf4RaGH85Sx7Arr+71b+dvoT9hGDq5oYb/quPiWROOy1sh/Y1j4OCxA2TdHh5he/5rx2wC393Sgo3tWOAiXFBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T20:37:50.258139Z"},"content_sha256":"4e9b3d89e936133880a503ee0083cd9899734e5f10253d22c4c94f0e14da5c2e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4e9b3d89e936133880a503ee0083cd9899734e5f10253d22c4c94f0e14da5c2e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-23T20:37:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:352EOL47PSU2EYTK3WNTUGV45D","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9315a37d30dac92bf601458a63e8020ca72caa1b50c24c3b399257fd269e480f","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-09-13T16:26:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"810fdd25cf94077c7fb8022f35680a898db67a6f76ddfd3a7b93e15bf73d7481"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1309.3500","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1309.3500","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1309.3500v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.3500","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"352EOL47PSU2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"352EOL47PSU2EYTK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"352EOL47","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4e9b3d89e936133880a503ee0083cd9899734e5f10253d22c4c94f0e14da5c2e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the sign problem of the fermion determinant at finite baryon density in (1+1) dimensions, in which the ground state in the chiral limit should be free from the sign problem by forming a chiral spiral. To confirm it, we evaluate the fermion determinant in the continuum theory at the one-loop level and find that the determinant becomes real as expected. The conventional lattice formulation to implement a chemical potential is, however, not compatible with the spiral transformation. We discuss an alternative of the finite-density formulation and numerically verify the chiral spiral","authors_text":"Kenji Fukushima, Ryutaro Fukuda, Tomoya Hayata, Yoshimasa Hidaka","cross_cats":["hep-lat"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-09-13T16:26:10Z","title":"Sign problem and the chiral spiral on the finite-density lattice"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1309.3500","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f26c487e3318205cd96f171c963539141031d952bd448f788d9773d4414240ba","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9315a37d30dac92bf601458a63e8020ca72caa1b50c24c3b399257fd269e480f","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-09-13T16:26:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"810fdd25cf94077c7fb8022f35680a898db67a6f76ddfd3a7b93e15bf73d7481"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1309.3500","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"df74472f9f7ca9a2626add9b3a1abce8e125878f7e08fa5cd542b5cbb948b675","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"df74472f9f7ca9a2626add9b3a1abce8e125878f7e08fa5cd542b5cbb948b675","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21.709327Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21.709327Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"M93VDK1csiYXa73j73Eqd0d9JXgmA+A7Gax5PTHiDnBSzidXmclpo9Ng1I2RDuVy2TJus6jwsG+pO1YvHBUkCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:58:21.709815Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1309.3500","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f26c487e3318205cd96f171c963539141031d952bd448f788d9773d4414240ba","sha256:4e9b3d89e936133880a503ee0083cd9899734e5f10253d22c4c94f0e14da5c2e"],"state_sha256":"357b023da9c2fbed5cc0718003bf2615cb0b8541d0940e1dbe942227a5a2875f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UBOYrJ1V9pxvOonyq46MwCoWMGQeR5oAakS/hbZSylDE4nGL0LD5RRZqt3ONLU2SAlbQZaRnbgUc7rKPvpweAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-23T20:37:50.260667Z","bundle_sha256":"7b18d9bce199f439d4f93f07d2686a96b89211630a6772dfbf2cb5acd5bb9c04"}}