{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24","short_pith_number":"pith:35QM2VUB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1510.02842","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-10-09T22:46:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"c4f0a550f9eea6258ec8264ee4a298550f2d7e89046227853baa629cfd95ca59","abstract_canon_sha256":"84bc0b9cabd3c1b57ed0ae2cf86ba9d7cd67c5b9e4e2e9ed36bf1cf2bda9fb06"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"df60cd56819b57e0eb9b8ece0d6e59d7348e88538fc22380ecf551e21c88e333","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1510.02842","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1510.02842","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1510.02842v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1510.02842","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"35QM2VUBTNL6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"35QM2VUBTNL6B243","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"35QM2VUB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1510.02842","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-10-09T22:46:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"c4f0a550f9eea6258ec8264ee4a298550f2d7e89046227853baa629cfd95ca59","abstract_canon_sha256":"84bc0b9cabd3c1b57ed0ae2cf86ba9d7cd67c5b9e4e2e9ed36bf1cf2bda9fb06"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"df60cd56819b57e0eb9b8ece0d6e59d7348e88538fc22380ecf551e21c88e333","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58.444924Z","signature_b64":"yeKoKzIeEGsG+Dvg2XlDNLK9oWd67IwoiU2UurdQfUJUTWej66K6h4dIpA460BL8tHnyVn2B9kaUbfqgAeCsAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"df60cd56819b57e0eb9b8ece0d6e59d7348e88538fc22380ecf551e21c88e333","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58.444512Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58.444512Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1510.02842","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N/HpKqqjLEgjpbOS3OWM+6FRP3TOrHuF3K8Chf2PmkFpSMcKhfdtAnVunPCTPLqPGOkZbmAnK/xbAEZb6la/Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T16:02:45.267034Z"},"content_sha256":"d1f7f4ce69fe2945b8826869fe24c3b33b9b56461f0032d2fd07e6c89ce59091","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d1f7f4ce69fe2945b8826869fe24c3b33b9b56461f0032d2fd07e6c89ce59091"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Energy Dissipation and Landau Damping in Two- and Three-Dimensional Plasma Turbulence","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Gregory G. Howes, Jason M. TenBarge, Kristopher G. Klein, Tak Chu Li","submitted_at":"2015-10-09T22:46:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Plasma turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas, playing an important role in plasma energization, but the physical mechanisms leading to dissipation of the turbulent energy remain to be definitively identified. Kinetic simulations in two dimensions (2D) have been extensively used to study the dissipation process. How the limitation to 2D affects energy dissipation remains unclear. This work provides a model of comparison between two- and three-dimensional (3D) plasma turbulence using gyrokinetic simulations; it also explores the dynamics of distribution functions during the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1510.02842","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k0oEr+gAh+OFe8VL91A+Q4x1h/MCmArjG51ASON10tp1XxKpgojWowafrYLh9jdi6AcQWVvBq8/ZaaIpY7mfAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T16:02:45.267406Z"},"content_sha256":"634430f99e468ce35daf437b2abedfc39daa133a03572a8db2306252ded0d568","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:634430f99e468ce35daf437b2abedfc39daa133a03572a8db2306252ded0d568"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T16:02:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:35QM2VUBTNL6B243R3HA23SZ24","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"84bc0b9cabd3c1b57ed0ae2cf86ba9d7cd67c5b9e4e2e9ed36bf1cf2bda9fb06","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-10-09T22:46:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"c4f0a550f9eea6258ec8264ee4a298550f2d7e89046227853baa629cfd95ca59"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1510.02842","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1510.02842","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1510.02842v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1510.02842","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"35QM2VUBTNL6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"35QM2VUBTNL6B243","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"35QM2VUB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:634430f99e468ce35daf437b2abedfc39daa133a03572a8db2306252ded0d568","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Plasma turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas, playing an important role in plasma energization, but the physical mechanisms leading to dissipation of the turbulent energy remain to be definitively identified. Kinetic simulations in two dimensions (2D) have been extensively used to study the dissipation process. How the limitation to 2D affects energy dissipation remains unclear. This work provides a model of comparison between two- and three-dimensional (3D) plasma turbulence using gyrokinetic simulations; it also explores the dynamics of distribution functions during the","authors_text":"Gregory G. Howes, Jason M. TenBarge, Kristopher G. Klein, Tak Chu Li","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-10-09T22:46:06Z","title":"Energy Dissipation and Landau Damping in Two- and Three-Dimensional Plasma Turbulence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1510.02842","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d1f7f4ce69fe2945b8826869fe24c3b33b9b56461f0032d2fd07e6c89ce59091","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"84bc0b9cabd3c1b57ed0ae2cf86ba9d7cd67c5b9e4e2e9ed36bf1cf2bda9fb06","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2015-10-09T22:46:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"c4f0a550f9eea6258ec8264ee4a298550f2d7e89046227853baa629cfd95ca59"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1510.02842","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"df60cd56819b57e0eb9b8ece0d6e59d7348e88538fc22380ecf551e21c88e333","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"df60cd56819b57e0eb9b8ece0d6e59d7348e88538fc22380ecf551e21c88e333","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58.444512Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58.444512Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yeKoKzIeEGsG+Dvg2XlDNLK9oWd67IwoiU2UurdQfUJUTWej66K6h4dIpA460BL8tHnyVn2B9kaUbfqgAeCsAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:55:58.444924Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1510.02842","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d1f7f4ce69fe2945b8826869fe24c3b33b9b56461f0032d2fd07e6c89ce59091","sha256:634430f99e468ce35daf437b2abedfc39daa133a03572a8db2306252ded0d568"],"state_sha256":"ef31274f6da72442afed8d18e9cb9c613e24b2188cdb41532f2599ed094ad9b1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ruQsuHPYjhVWz6dsm+eM35HfHtY7XGQ9U7Dvk0bIgvKwlPxCflZiM/dDtMuS7JmqI1Ycj8v7FRABprTJZS73CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T16:02:45.269417Z","bundle_sha256":"32c677e848fe3a66added4b7dfcc341ab3ebe4c5898c5cd9fb7b34d93ba16c46"}}