{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX","short_pith_number":"pith:36A5GTXE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1203.2190","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-03-09T21:37:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.pop-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"3a1497648399f31ffa1eac2ece4e013e2826983cf672cecf1ac6b5f65319f4a6","abstract_canon_sha256":"9bb5b983eb51afa9850f1c9b69ab9d2fa2ea48dd3a467b141151dfc06b4ada04"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"df81d34ee40255c1a23e166c8c8b7425f09aa322673956f7f10090f0f8b75358","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1203.2190","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1203.2190","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1203.2190v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1203.2190","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"36A5GTXEAJK4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"36A5GTXE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1203.2190","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-03-09T21:37:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.pop-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"3a1497648399f31ffa1eac2ece4e013e2826983cf672cecf1ac6b5f65319f4a6","abstract_canon_sha256":"9bb5b983eb51afa9850f1c9b69ab9d2fa2ea48dd3a467b141151dfc06b4ada04"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"df81d34ee40255c1a23e166c8c8b7425f09aa322673956f7f10090f0f8b75358","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21.050963Z","signature_b64":"AS6NfddiX34oNlupYuyzI3cpDliZ49MDcnbd7XtpgW5n9JvB84Z/UkMOfSogvolucPoS6d11oTH3GreUH9xUBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"df81d34ee40255c1a23e166c8c8b7425f09aa322673956f7f10090f0f8b75358","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21.050392Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21.050392Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1203.2190","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"C9f6RLkCEYhmHojfvs7bVzFPsXi9wnVuFht883EnvTaDMe9fDz9vATSnwtJShlJ+v7tKRsHaFMd5jKTZz56EDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T20:44:17.669784Z"},"content_sha256":"b630c01d15a410aab40d3a5747986b05ed47e41a7f5cb5ab9dc6754ad33ba506","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b630c01d15a410aab40d3a5747986b05ed47e41a7f5cb5ab9dc6754ad33ba506"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A diameter--bandwidth product limitation of isolated-object cloaking","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.pop-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Alexander P. McCauley, Cheng Wei Qiu, Hila Hashemi, J. D. Joannopoulos, Steven G. Johnson","submitted_at":"2012-03-09T21:37:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that cloaking of isolated objects is subject to a diameter-bandwidth product limitation: as the size of the object increases, the bandwidth of good (small cross-section) cloaking decreases inversely with the diameter, as a consequence of causality constraints even for perfect fabrication and materials with negligible absorption. This generalizes a previous result that perfect cloaking of isolated objects over a nonzero bandwidth violates causality. Furthermore, we demonstrate broader causality-based scaling limitations on any bandwidth-averaged cloaking cross-section, using complex ana"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1203.2190","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xjQvYXiz1wnbLfrLkcOz+IYEFH7V5ih1/hk5Lj952unjgp4u1CMkOB0T8uwRe1GyqcspiA1Opks2MKNHTetuCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T20:44:17.670501Z"},"content_sha256":"162ea3a5ec07f1c9e71abbefe85bdf0ab89d62fe6c2845a26f0d31c5ec00d8bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:162ea3a5ec07f1c9e71abbefe85bdf0ab89d62fe6c2845a26f0d31c5ec00d8bf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T20:44:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6CZWIZC3UEX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9bb5b983eb51afa9850f1c9b69ab9d2fa2ea48dd3a467b141151dfc06b4ada04","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.pop-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-03-09T21:37:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"3a1497648399f31ffa1eac2ece4e013e2826983cf672cecf1ac6b5f65319f4a6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1203.2190","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1203.2190","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1203.2190v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1203.2190","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"36A5GTXEAJK4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"36A5GTXEAJK4DIR6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"36A5GTXE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:162ea3a5ec07f1c9e71abbefe85bdf0ab89d62fe6c2845a26f0d31c5ec00d8bf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show that cloaking of isolated objects is subject to a diameter-bandwidth product limitation: as the size of the object increases, the bandwidth of good (small cross-section) cloaking decreases inversely with the diameter, as a consequence of causality constraints even for perfect fabrication and materials with negligible absorption. This generalizes a previous result that perfect cloaking of isolated objects over a nonzero bandwidth violates causality. Furthermore, we demonstrate broader causality-based scaling limitations on any bandwidth-averaged cloaking cross-section, using complex ana","authors_text":"Alexander P. McCauley, Cheng Wei Qiu, Hila Hashemi, J. D. Joannopoulos, Steven G. Johnson","cross_cats":["physics.pop-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-03-09T21:37:07Z","title":"A diameter--bandwidth product limitation of isolated-object cloaking"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1203.2190","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b630c01d15a410aab40d3a5747986b05ed47e41a7f5cb5ab9dc6754ad33ba506","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9bb5b983eb51afa9850f1c9b69ab9d2fa2ea48dd3a467b141151dfc06b4ada04","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.pop-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-03-09T21:37:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"3a1497648399f31ffa1eac2ece4e013e2826983cf672cecf1ac6b5f65319f4a6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1203.2190","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"df81d34ee40255c1a23e166c8c8b7425f09aa322673956f7f10090f0f8b75358","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"df81d34ee40255c1a23e166c8c8b7425f09aa322673956f7f10090f0f8b75358","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21.050392Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21.050392Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"AS6NfddiX34oNlupYuyzI3cpDliZ49MDcnbd7XtpgW5n9JvB84Z/UkMOfSogvolucPoS6d11oTH3GreUH9xUBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:45:21.050963Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1203.2190","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b630c01d15a410aab40d3a5747986b05ed47e41a7f5cb5ab9dc6754ad33ba506","sha256:162ea3a5ec07f1c9e71abbefe85bdf0ab89d62fe6c2845a26f0d31c5ec00d8bf"],"state_sha256":"c114d27d6a43f272a70ebded01b957e6dc83f828e321b59901b3cae1cc533d97"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"I/9NHHijnX6QEDCUr2OJMfe047SJfgeDPK6mHeA5yj75CRQPDFWdZIVCd/9fQ2ARrY0Tg8lGJ99cqUYhYbzuCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T20:44:17.675009Z","bundle_sha256":"c58f4ccb2488160e6796d51a7e78d29450ef6f6df27f3e6b8d4614a7d39249b2"}}