{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB","short_pith_number":"pith:3AKHD7KR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2206.01375","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-06-03T03:06:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2ee65d41f7c81c6f5a14c7bd33a8cce30c3576d1676398be6140a28f3b67e1ff","abstract_canon_sha256":"efea5e857e9c60c0840e14d31f64da5d5e555550f7a88249b62fa14237fc5798"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d81471fd51adbd769d83eb2221d485c8750a37751b014ce62a5bfdf84d4d8ca9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2206.01375","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2206.01375","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2206.01375v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2206.01375","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3AKHD7KRVW6X","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3AKHD7KR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2206.01375","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-06-03T03:06:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2ee65d41f7c81c6f5a14c7bd33a8cce30c3576d1676398be6140a28f3b67e1ff","abstract_canon_sha256":"efea5e857e9c60c0840e14d31f64da5d5e555550f7a88249b62fa14237fc5798"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d81471fd51adbd769d83eb2221d485c8750a37751b014ce62a5bfdf84d4d8ca9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57.312308Z","signature_b64":"aznFKppH5D5v+G7YdiNH2iH2IEhT2jytb34fIfJt2nCAX6Ek9viVugGYM/Ltq1MLAPcDKI/LL0Ex4xrpXuKQDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d81471fd51adbd769d83eb2221d485c8750a37751b014ce62a5bfdf84d4d8ca9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57.311758Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57.311758Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2206.01375","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9vy/pBKvdZgRKfPxF1st7SIvafLGL+4JiaV8FCw/+r70JJ9q5IYIQcRbN09Mwf4IhY62HYFiOdWnRY7/P08NAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T12:37:44.279640Z"},"content_sha256":"b7590c4458fedd1210a83cb182626947169a6b04959853c174817dd938211b23","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7590c4458fedd1210a83cb182626947169a6b04959853c174817dd938211b23"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Exploiting dynamic nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution imaging","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Baolei Liu, Ben J. Halkon, Chaohao Chen, Chenxiao Lin, Faliang Cheng, Fan Wang, Jianfeng Wang, Lei Ding, Lingqian Chang, Min Zhang, Xiangjun Di, Xiaolan Zhong, Xiaoxue Xu, Xin Chen, Xuchen Shan, Yongtao Liu, Ziqin Du","submitted_at":"2022-06-03T03:06:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Single-beam super-resolution microscopy, also known as superlinear microscopy, exploits the nonlinear response of fluorescent probes in confocal microscopy. The technique requires no complex purpose-built system, light field modulation, or beam shaping. Here, we present a strategy to enhance spatial resolution of superlinear microscopy by modulating excitation intensity during image acquisition. This modulation induces dynamic optical nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), resulting in variations of higher spatial-frequency information in the obtained images. The high-order inform"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2206.01375","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2206.01375/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"d6pNHWzf/G/HCLLVOf6wTRg8OGZxgHy4S4Gl6BkQLjS0td+Lrj5TWN9hBIhV8LKv9yQVlDNuYsfj/FDcGuBDCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T12:37:44.280014Z"},"content_sha256":"381469b721e154f91b331ee554e0869f1152562a8afd8fd5cf37405a0c2d58e8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:381469b721e154f91b331ee554e0869f1152562a8afd8fd5cf37405a0c2d58e8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T12:37:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD5MRCDVEFZB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"efea5e857e9c60c0840e14d31f64da5d5e555550f7a88249b62fa14237fc5798","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-06-03T03:06:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"2ee65d41f7c81c6f5a14c7bd33a8cce30c3576d1676398be6140a28f3b67e1ff"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2206.01375","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2206.01375","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2206.01375v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2206.01375","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3AKHD7KRVW6X","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3AKHD7KRVW6XNHMD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3AKHD7KR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:381469b721e154f91b331ee554e0869f1152562a8afd8fd5cf37405a0c2d58e8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2206.01375/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Single-beam super-resolution microscopy, also known as superlinear microscopy, exploits the nonlinear response of fluorescent probes in confocal microscopy. The technique requires no complex purpose-built system, light field modulation, or beam shaping. Here, we present a strategy to enhance spatial resolution of superlinear microscopy by modulating excitation intensity during image acquisition. This modulation induces dynamic optical nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), resulting in variations of higher spatial-frequency information in the obtained images. The high-order inform","authors_text":"Baolei Liu, Ben J. Halkon, Chaohao Chen, Chenxiao Lin, Faliang Cheng, Fan Wang, Jianfeng Wang, Lei Ding, Lingqian Chang, Min Zhang, Xiangjun Di, Xiaolan Zhong, Xiaoxue Xu, Xin Chen, Xuchen Shan, Yongtao Liu, Ziqin Du","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-06-03T03:06:50Z","title":"Exploiting dynamic nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution imaging"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2206.01375","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b7590c4458fedd1210a83cb182626947169a6b04959853c174817dd938211b23","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"efea5e857e9c60c0840e14d31f64da5d5e555550f7a88249b62fa14237fc5798","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-06-03T03:06:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"2ee65d41f7c81c6f5a14c7bd33a8cce30c3576d1676398be6140a28f3b67e1ff"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2206.01375","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d81471fd51adbd769d83eb2221d485c8750a37751b014ce62a5bfdf84d4d8ca9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d81471fd51adbd769d83eb2221d485c8750a37751b014ce62a5bfdf84d4d8ca9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57.311758Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57.311758Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aznFKppH5D5v+G7YdiNH2iH2IEhT2jytb34fIfJt2nCAX6Ek9viVugGYM/Ltq1MLAPcDKI/LL0Ex4xrpXuKQDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:51:57.312308Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2206.01375","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b7590c4458fedd1210a83cb182626947169a6b04959853c174817dd938211b23","sha256:381469b721e154f91b331ee554e0869f1152562a8afd8fd5cf37405a0c2d58e8"],"state_sha256":"15f4fbc9942d51546d54d69482d9b66eb8985080b13ce3a461ffae557556b6cc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rX8cPkkzF4IxOlldZ+q/JloPN/5tln/DFarLxdCagau8NxjqLQiIEjRG9DiIVFJoOxKSm+I38YdHfyoPR72fBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T12:37:44.281964Z","bundle_sha256":"c103b28fb1c2de517858bee834e138718dc7d117d3690bf7945ab4f6e8753e0b"}}