{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1993:3BZI7VYJGJFPHS7DSWH5RXKG3E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c809c551c5da09ca15320bc747c10d224a87ff648c6f7079406619d69332968b","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1993-05-21T03:07:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"c98f5646b77c15a85fdaf606d34c7a57e2d172b03605adb317cf48886b9a4269"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9305097","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/9305097","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:37:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/9305097v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:37:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9305097","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:37:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3BZI7VYJGJFP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3BZI7VYJGJFPHS7D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3BZI7VYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0af2c5f6f8ff65ac630d0743111a479cdf71cd84c50b279cc63ed2cae6d21f54","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:37:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show that two-dimensional SO(N) and Sp(N) Yang-Mills theories without fermions can be interpreted as closed string theories. The terms in the 1/N expansion of the partition function on an orientable or nonorientable manifold M can be associated with maps from a string worldsheet onto M. These maps are unbranched and branched covers of M with an arbitrary number of infinitesimal worldsheet cross-caps mapped to points in M. These string theories differ from SU(N) Yang-Mills string theory in that they involve odd powers of 1/N and require both orientable and nonorientable worldsheets.","authors_text":"H.A. Riggs, H.J. Schnitzer, S.G. Naculich","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1993-05-21T03:07:00Z","title":"Two-dimensional Yang-Mills Theories Are String Theories"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/9305097","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f5e83b0ea709acba320063e99abd847474994f2aeb7bb7e585dc6d41370b0b50","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:37:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c809c551c5da09ca15320bc747c10d224a87ff648c6f7079406619d69332968b","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"1993-05-21T03:07:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"c98f5646b77c15a85fdaf606d34c7a57e2d172b03605adb317cf48886b9a4269"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-th/9305097","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d8728fd709324af3cbe3958fd8dd46d932510ead3b6587781cc2d8fb186cd6ba","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d8728fd709324af3cbe3958fd8dd46d932510ead3b6587781cc2d8fb186cd6ba","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:37:43.435135Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:37:43.435135Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KN8kRl0hpAL2LlEOQ+p2ZTqNm80VTJ1XTaO/HIVMF1Mt7IjKhW5ZvkZsclqI4hdH0JTxevg50xY+GWJ5KxyCBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:37:43.435722Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-th/9305097","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f5e83b0ea709acba320063e99abd847474994f2aeb7bb7e585dc6d41370b0b50","sha256:0af2c5f6f8ff65ac630d0743111a479cdf71cd84c50b279cc63ed2cae6d21f54"],"state_sha256":"dd387638658363641495b248529fdcb9658f50bbc41f8ced300fd71786eebc38"}