{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT","short_pith_number":"pith:3CKEYDKU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-07-30T18:08:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.acc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"31cad71414cc8db69327d0b22860c74c98bb0d1a81433916fce979804956a0b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"72017d7a6488f67cf24ea68c684cb8cf8208eb710f0e6d4aafa9c0f17910a86e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d8944c0d545ced5993bb9848a7859e3ccaeef9a7b97593c9d1812c26c6e6ef77","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.00030","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.00030","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.00030v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.00030","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3CKEYDKULTWV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3CKEYDKULTWVTE53","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3CKEYDKU","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-07-30T18:08:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.acc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"31cad71414cc8db69327d0b22860c74c98bb0d1a81433916fce979804956a0b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"72017d7a6488f67cf24ea68c684cb8cf8208eb710f0e6d4aafa9c0f17910a86e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d8944c0d545ced5993bb9848a7859e3ccaeef9a7b97593c9d1812c26c6e6ef77","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48.299263Z","signature_b64":"2IpyqF5HAqCTAPcjWZP6xOK5ZLtDaDQ+Hz6UG/dqzbqv3gzZ3DLDR7gOREd00Lr0tuusVats3Kp4vPj9xTtQDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d8944c0d545ced5993bb9848a7859e3ccaeef9a7b97593c9d1812c26c6e6ef77","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48.298763Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48.298763Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.00030","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"52Gs25eIo9IVDlU9sdCeXsktZ6iXI8dnLeccZEAK8c6JcqUz3sNsM7l7QDjk2+phyLIs9Mc0hmdDJbWMoT93BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T11:19:19.853677Z"},"content_sha256":"a65993bd35b249417396d96d9fa504abc2b0e6fc9e3f111c37d9273a0f3c3881","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a65993bd35b249417396d96d9fa504abc2b0e6fc9e3f111c37d9273a0f3c3881"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ultra-Bright Electron Bunch Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Driven by a Superluminal Flying Focus Electron Beam","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.acc-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Chan Joshi, Fei Li, Frank S. Tsung, Jacob R. Pierce, Thamine N. Dalichaouch, Warren B. Mori, Wei Lu, Xinlu Xu","submitted_at":"2021-07-30T18:08:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a new method for self-injection of high-quality electron bunches in the plasma wakefield structure in the blowout regime utilizing a \"flying focus\" produced by a drive beam with an energy chirp. In a flying focus the speed of the density centroid of the drive bunch can be superluminal or subluminal by utilizing the chromatic dependence of the focusing optics. We first derive the focal velocity and the characteristic length of the focal spot in terms of the focal length and an energy chirp. We then demonstrate using multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that a wake driven by "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.00030/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kvdHRA7CiqxlU0PR5tgDH2G7DHwLM4bWF1euu3kJ0+oi4b2PN/KL6JhYEWfQVsDv1Op6DhOVRqoz1CFqt/GLAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T11:19:19.854096Z"},"content_sha256":"c1573c3c5eaf87e3fd9086d23b0ccd2695427166be64aa7001aac82f3f75cd50","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c1573c3c5eaf87e3fd9086d23b0ccd2695427166be64aa7001aac82f3f75cd50"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-13T11:19:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:3CKEYDKULTWVTE53TBEKPBM6HT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"72017d7a6488f67cf24ea68c684cb8cf8208eb710f0e6d4aafa9c0f17910a86e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.acc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-07-30T18:08:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"31cad71414cc8db69327d0b22860c74c98bb0d1a81433916fce979804956a0b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.00030","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.00030v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.00030","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3CKEYDKULTWV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3CKEYDKULTWVTE53","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3CKEYDKU","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c1573c3c5eaf87e3fd9086d23b0ccd2695427166be64aa7001aac82f3f75cd50","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.00030/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a new method for self-injection of high-quality electron bunches in the plasma wakefield structure in the blowout regime utilizing a \"flying focus\" produced by a drive beam with an energy chirp. In a flying focus the speed of the density centroid of the drive bunch can be superluminal or subluminal by utilizing the chromatic dependence of the focusing optics. We first derive the focal velocity and the characteristic length of the focal spot in terms of the focal length and an energy chirp. We then demonstrate using multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that a wake driven by ","authors_text":"Chan Joshi, Fei Li, Frank S. Tsung, Jacob R. Pierce, Thamine N. Dalichaouch, Warren B. Mori, Wei Lu, Xinlu Xu","cross_cats":["physics.acc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-07-30T18:08:33Z","title":"Ultra-Bright Electron Bunch Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Driven by a Superluminal Flying Focus Electron Beam"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a65993bd35b249417396d96d9fa504abc2b0e6fc9e3f111c37d9273a0f3c3881","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"72017d7a6488f67cf24ea68c684cb8cf8208eb710f0e6d4aafa9c0f17910a86e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.acc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-07-30T18:08:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"31cad71414cc8db69327d0b22860c74c98bb0d1a81433916fce979804956a0b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.00030","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d8944c0d545ced5993bb9848a7859e3ccaeef9a7b97593c9d1812c26c6e6ef77","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d8944c0d545ced5993bb9848a7859e3ccaeef9a7b97593c9d1812c26c6e6ef77","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48.298763Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48.298763Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2IpyqF5HAqCTAPcjWZP6xOK5ZLtDaDQ+Hz6UG/dqzbqv3gzZ3DLDR7gOREd00Lr0tuusVats3Kp4vPj9xTtQDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:21:48.299263Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.00030","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a65993bd35b249417396d96d9fa504abc2b0e6fc9e3f111c37d9273a0f3c3881","sha256:c1573c3c5eaf87e3fd9086d23b0ccd2695427166be64aa7001aac82f3f75cd50"],"state_sha256":"f4b3bef85c29c884b8a8099bc58e4aa48e46e9192227d770cb73ffd315daf9c6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kNtacHrefxreW7+4y2+WKXcGUyY7E3M3DTYHXx/MlmzqEZQ/B4aTX35r2VG1ujY35kLR8HVOHS5dfQrgeRnKBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-13T11:19:19.856540Z","bundle_sha256":"0d9fec85f8b138a1914bbdc7bffe3040fb099b4f53eab798d7039c32a0a5778b"}}