{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO","short_pith_number":"pith:3DEQOD6K","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.07964","kind":"arxiv","version":8},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2017-01-27T08:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"bc9c76809927e9d4d0c6309657ebc6f9b6b0e80ceef71064ef175a4dd65edee7","abstract_canon_sha256":"bfcfc9405e6d9302c0ff42016b49818dddf37c94ca42f754a096f1f12cd3971e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d8c9070fcaf2087283cd1c54a63c3f1385dad8b202b23dd68eafb3c9f4028d4d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1701.07964","version":8},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.07964","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.07964v8","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.07964","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3DEQOD6K6IEH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3DEQOD6K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.07964","kind":"arxiv","version":8},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2017-01-27T08:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"bc9c76809927e9d4d0c6309657ebc6f9b6b0e80ceef71064ef175a4dd65edee7","abstract_canon_sha256":"bfcfc9405e6d9302c0ff42016b49818dddf37c94ca42f754a096f1f12cd3971e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d8c9070fcaf2087283cd1c54a63c3f1385dad8b202b23dd68eafb3c9f4028d4d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15.474510Z","signature_b64":"835jfci7bWrt47MfV+pTn/6QjoiSi+37MNZRl53OEIOYM1FZxLHgoo/CkLJrf+DYFpXkWPQK6Pg2DWzyBBBfDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d8c9070fcaf2087283cd1c54a63c3f1385dad8b202b23dd68eafb3c9f4028d4d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15.473927Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15.473927Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1701.07964","source_version":8,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ca5b3MlHiM2QjLZC4PzmHEyJDsHPoBHkEH4anr5+p3Fp+IittjYPn5ELFuGfKjG/parCHRGLTLCkkLnVT3y1AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:45:25.124644Z"},"content_sha256":"7c985eb85e35fe82eb5ae30a70ea0be75bd80f46f1fb5d611dcc91926fd6178d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7c985eb85e35fe82eb5ae30a70ea0be75bd80f46f1fb5d611dcc91926fd6178d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Performance of Practical Ultra-Dense Networks: The Major and Minor Factors","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"David Lopez-Perez, Ming Ding","submitted_at":"2017-01-27T08:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we conduct performance evaluation for Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs), and identify which modelling factors play major roles and minor roles. From our study, we draw the following conclusions. First, there are 3 factors/models that have a major impact on the performance of UDNs, and they should be considered when performing theoretical analyses: i) a multi-piece path loss model with line-of-sight (LoS) and non-lineof- sight (NLoS) transmissions; ii) a non-zero antenna height difference between base stations (BSs) and user equipments (UEs); iii) a finite BS/UE density. Second, there "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.07964","kind":"arxiv","version":8},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cQDRhLj8xAU1hCb7fzqbDtQ6jWfKYOD5hli94zffgFE+zult+usBvIGxf91nO9r4XuF1ebeGQSzDzpFhJi9LAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:45:25.124996Z"},"content_sha256":"b7d56d56a9da04835113f5fbca8d465f5b051006cedb6d943e5137fba84296de","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7d56d56a9da04835113f5fbca8d465f5b051006cedb6d943e5137fba84296de"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T07:45:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6NDRKKMPB7CO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bfcfc9405e6d9302c0ff42016b49818dddf37c94ca42f754a096f1f12cd3971e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2017-01-27T08:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc9c76809927e9d4d0c6309657ebc6f9b6b0e80ceef71064ef175a4dd65edee7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.07964","kind":"arxiv","version":8}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.07964","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.07964v8","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.07964","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3DEQOD6K6IEH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3DEQOD6K6IEHFA6N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3DEQOD6K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b7d56d56a9da04835113f5fbca8d465f5b051006cedb6d943e5137fba84296de","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we conduct performance evaluation for Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs), and identify which modelling factors play major roles and minor roles. From our study, we draw the following conclusions. First, there are 3 factors/models that have a major impact on the performance of UDNs, and they should be considered when performing theoretical analyses: i) a multi-piece path loss model with line-of-sight (LoS) and non-lineof- sight (NLoS) transmissions; ii) a non-zero antenna height difference between base stations (BSs) and user equipments (UEs); iii) a finite BS/UE density. Second, there ","authors_text":"David Lopez-Perez, Ming Ding","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2017-01-27T08:00:02Z","title":"On the Performance of Practical Ultra-Dense Networks: The Major and Minor Factors"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.07964","kind":"arxiv","version":8},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7c985eb85e35fe82eb5ae30a70ea0be75bd80f46f1fb5d611dcc91926fd6178d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bfcfc9405e6d9302c0ff42016b49818dddf37c94ca42f754a096f1f12cd3971e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2017-01-27T08:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc9c76809927e9d4d0c6309657ebc6f9b6b0e80ceef71064ef175a4dd65edee7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.07964","kind":"arxiv","version":8}},"canonical_sha256":"d8c9070fcaf2087283cd1c54a63c3f1385dad8b202b23dd68eafb3c9f4028d4d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d8c9070fcaf2087283cd1c54a63c3f1385dad8b202b23dd68eafb3c9f4028d4d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15.473927Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15.473927Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"835jfci7bWrt47MfV+pTn/6QjoiSi+37MNZRl53OEIOYM1FZxLHgoo/CkLJrf+DYFpXkWPQK6Pg2DWzyBBBfDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:15.474510Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1701.07964","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":8}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7c985eb85e35fe82eb5ae30a70ea0be75bd80f46f1fb5d611dcc91926fd6178d","sha256:b7d56d56a9da04835113f5fbca8d465f5b051006cedb6d943e5137fba84296de"],"state_sha256":"28fc16f1b900be8406f64d010292a0265add22eb1892a52af31b92fa4f767c94"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Um7QbRIuA/RKgzdHEpoOIzAVSR7CGncXjk79EkMgHbGqUJ5fBSX94Lw83aSls7Cs/lKzn7EJC/tbNy0K2LEhCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:45:25.127010Z","bundle_sha256":"47e222981253984fd23ac372aa042cd08c16d3c96a7aab162934e84a617ba60d"}}