{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW","short_pith_number":"pith:3DKW7XHH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.05562","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T08:05:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3c4be44cc3b2099484ce14cfe7e9e7ff4b4b8ed85ba9d7eb02cc26b20c6b8b1f","abstract_canon_sha256":"a889a1fffc650eb0123998c75bb9f5cdf157394ff8af38ca8906c55c2a9b18a8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d8d56fdce746bd24fbf2e48fd483c19daf4003590d1751097f91093bcf098377","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.05562","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.05562","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.05562v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.05562","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3DKW7XHHI26S","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3DKW7XHH","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.05562","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T08:05:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3c4be44cc3b2099484ce14cfe7e9e7ff4b4b8ed85ba9d7eb02cc26b20c6b8b1f","abstract_canon_sha256":"a889a1fffc650eb0123998c75bb9f5cdf157394ff8af38ca8906c55c2a9b18a8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d8d56fdce746bd24fbf2e48fd483c19daf4003590d1751097f91093bcf098377","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38.631129Z","signature_b64":"lod/NnDCAUf0rQlg0fn/L2GjagApYVgiuQqTIn+yoRBvuOjJLsuBjITiwmpFR6NQtz3I+U01/XefpVYXFNc+CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d8d56fdce746bd24fbf2e48fd483c19daf4003590d1751097f91093bcf098377","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38.630593Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38.630593Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2004.05562","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BuCOmRpwVOg9da6ZRQeSNDs0ycCouGi2gGKcuvshDDqeTowCmBERW1n3ORt2jg40oiLjYR0JT7JUdHrqXouPDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:38.195907Z"},"content_sha256":"83b7e4bca8f8b95495fe5f43e3c04fe7f8f7d1cc3e31f43f782739e2ac643334","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:83b7e4bca8f8b95495fe5f43e3c04fe7f8f7d1cc3e31f43f782739e2ac643334"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Direct evidence for shock-powered optical emission in a nova","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Adam Kawash, Adam Popowicz, Alexei Kniazev, Andrzej Pigulski, Anthony F. J. Moffat, Benjamin J. Shappee, Brian D. Metzger, Christopher S. Kochanek, David A. H. Buckley, Eamonn J. Harvey, Elad Steinberg, Elias Aydi, Frederick M. Walter, Gerald Handler, Gregg A. Wade, Herbert Pablo, Indrek Vurm, Jay Strader, Jennifer L. Sokoloski, Joanna Mikolajewska, Justin Linford, Karen R. Pollard, Ken J. Shen, Kim L. Page, Kirill V. Sokolovsky, Koji Mukai, Konstanze Zwintz, Kwan Lok Li, Laura Chomiuk, Luca Izzo, Marina Orio, Michael J. I. Brown, Miroslav D. Filipovi\\'c, Ond\\v{r}ej Pejcha, Paolo Molaro, Patrick J. Vallely, Perica Manojlovi\\'c, Raimundo Lopes de Oliveira, Rainer Kuschnig, Rami Z. E. Alsaberi, Stuart D. Ryder, Werner Weiss","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T08:05:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions that occur on the surfaces of white dwarf stars in interacting binary systems (Bode & Evans 2008). It has long been thought that the luminosity of classical novae is powered by continued nuclear burning on the surface of the white dwarf after the initial runaway (Gallaher & Starrfield 1978). However, recent observations of GeV $\\gamma$-rays from classical novae have hinted that shocks internal to the nova ejecta may dominate the nova emission. Shocks have also been suggested to power the luminosity of events as diverse as stellar mergers (Metzger & "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.05562","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.05562/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NUwuynOFRIC9UdMWY5DdDY0zoBmEVh8X/yQcin1Agt0HSPtAWYrUaT/5VZZHmsHXmNAhIoUxUg8tU1C/5jrDAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:38.196281Z"},"content_sha256":"d1a899dbd270a96ff9478da1cded4d3fc0c15a99c16e26a89705eddde2246db2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d1a899dbd270a96ff9478da1cded4d3fc0c15a99c16e26a89705eddde2246db2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S4SH5JA6BTW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a889a1fffc650eb0123998c75bb9f5cdf157394ff8af38ca8906c55c2a9b18a8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T08:05:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"3c4be44cc3b2099484ce14cfe7e9e7ff4b4b8ed85ba9d7eb02cc26b20c6b8b1f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.05562","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.05562","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.05562v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.05562","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3DKW7XHHI26S","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3DKW7XHHI26SJ67S","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3DKW7XHH","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d1a899dbd270a96ff9478da1cded4d3fc0c15a99c16e26a89705eddde2246db2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2004.05562/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions that occur on the surfaces of white dwarf stars in interacting binary systems (Bode & Evans 2008). It has long been thought that the luminosity of classical novae is powered by continued nuclear burning on the surface of the white dwarf after the initial runaway (Gallaher & Starrfield 1978). However, recent observations of GeV $\\gamma$-rays from classical novae have hinted that shocks internal to the nova ejecta may dominate the nova emission. Shocks have also been suggested to power the luminosity of events as diverse as stellar mergers (Metzger & ","authors_text":"Adam Kawash, Adam Popowicz, Alexei Kniazev, Andrzej Pigulski, Anthony F. J. Moffat, Benjamin J. Shappee, Brian D. Metzger, Christopher S. Kochanek, David A. H. Buckley, Eamonn J. Harvey, Elad Steinberg, Elias Aydi, Frederick M. Walter, Gerald Handler, Gregg A. Wade, Herbert Pablo, Indrek Vurm, Jay Strader, Jennifer L. Sokoloski, Joanna Mikolajewska, Justin Linford, Karen R. Pollard, Ken J. Shen, Kim L. Page, Kirill V. Sokolovsky, Koji Mukai, Konstanze Zwintz, Kwan Lok Li, Laura Chomiuk, Luca Izzo, Marina Orio, Michael J. I. Brown, Miroslav D. Filipovi\\'c, Ond\\v{r}ej Pejcha, Paolo Molaro, Patrick J. Vallely, Perica Manojlovi\\'c, Raimundo Lopes de Oliveira, Rainer Kuschnig, Rami Z. E. Alsaberi, Stuart D. Ryder, Werner Weiss","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T08:05:15Z","title":"Direct evidence for shock-powered optical emission in a nova"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.05562","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:83b7e4bca8f8b95495fe5f43e3c04fe7f8f7d1cc3e31f43f782739e2ac643334","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a889a1fffc650eb0123998c75bb9f5cdf157394ff8af38ca8906c55c2a9b18a8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-04-12T08:05:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"3c4be44cc3b2099484ce14cfe7e9e7ff4b4b8ed85ba9d7eb02cc26b20c6b8b1f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.05562","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d8d56fdce746bd24fbf2e48fd483c19daf4003590d1751097f91093bcf098377","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d8d56fdce746bd24fbf2e48fd483c19daf4003590d1751097f91093bcf098377","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38.630593Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38.630593Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lod/NnDCAUf0rQlg0fn/L2GjagApYVgiuQqTIn+yoRBvuOjJLsuBjITiwmpFR6NQtz3I+U01/XefpVYXFNc+CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:38.631129Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2004.05562","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:83b7e4bca8f8b95495fe5f43e3c04fe7f8f7d1cc3e31f43f782739e2ac643334","sha256:d1a899dbd270a96ff9478da1cded4d3fc0c15a99c16e26a89705eddde2246db2"],"state_sha256":"63416c102bb396e6f8a41e306e343fc7de4bd8b45d27c85420f69d694a900958"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NppQSlyp/m5nW9NX7VUQo1qIPa9FVmIS/rhRWyP7GiVuxtWMrH02ZgVc+Q2Mz9G3bMy8HpqnWeR3p6RMXANTDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:14:38.198415Z","bundle_sha256":"7d08361eaa00f93c8fdfc5be52506a14d13320f477bcd7418ec1c6e712cd6e78"}}