{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E","short_pith_number":"pith:3EVX2OW2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.08920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-13T07:44:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"eead396fb2e95ea248a7ac4ed48573953ca2392559b6aeb7e93775eec4220c25","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa1870ba8a09d404cf446d2c3e0f5df6506f14268c13e043e7942185105a4b48"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d92b7d3adadba6cf20998b52a4fdadd138d8959e8af5f5bc0d14a581473d3101","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2310.08920","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.08920","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.08920v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.08920","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3EVX2OW23OTM","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3EVX2OW2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.08920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-13T07:44:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"eead396fb2e95ea248a7ac4ed48573953ca2392559b6aeb7e93775eec4220c25","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa1870ba8a09d404cf446d2c3e0f5df6506f14268c13e043e7942185105a4b48"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d92b7d3adadba6cf20998b52a4fdadd138d8959e8af5f5bc0d14a581473d3101","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37.117851Z","signature_b64":"M/JQl6y7XHncaqW7obOjHALYnjI630Cm/KFbnzEYqq4Kz4RrK0XKDrRiAcLOQOx7EruJADglxbsZMXynU08nBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d92b7d3adadba6cf20998b52a4fdadd138d8959e8af5f5bc0d14a581473d3101","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37.117177Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37.117177Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2310.08920","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4f2O1ApedFjBlWB4l7KkM+yoT+NFMyKsbmXRBHVEtdcwdgLw5HXhKHafHm+355dtQyRwDd7RH2T1o/3zz1x5Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T10:12:40.936845Z"},"content_sha256":"93aec8bd1cceadc1e2a8cb6ac3724d73a057959c464e52ac8cba6a7e1344089e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:93aec8bd1cceadc1e2a8cb6ac3724d73a057959c464e52ac8cba6a7e1344089e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Embarrassingly Simple Text Watermarks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Han Bao, Kenta Niwa, Makoto Yamada, Ryoma Sato, Yuki Takezawa","submitted_at":"2023-10-13T07:44:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose Easymark, a family of embarrassingly simple yet effective watermarks. Text watermarking is becoming increasingly important with the advent of Large Language Models (LLM). LLMs can generate texts that cannot be distinguished from human-written texts. This is a serious problem for the credibility of the text. Easymark is a simple yet effective solution to this problem. Easymark can inject a watermark without changing the meaning of the text at all while a validator can detect if a text was generated from a system that adopted Easymark or not with high credibility. Easymark is extremel"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.08920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.08920/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ttkMruClttRsGh56BzXGEyAgA7C0jDtNoHEm1zF4x2oAdSqq+11PH+aCFz91/k/cxToiqq6koAS9Q4r0kcHoBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T10:12:40.937753Z"},"content_sha256":"f388d384e654dfcd4e6f086b5603121479d75ceb6ed5363474caec3d4da6b612","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f388d384e654dfcd4e6f086b5603121479d75ceb6ed5363474caec3d4da6b612"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T10:12:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZRNJKJ7NN2E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa1870ba8a09d404cf446d2c3e0f5df6506f14268c13e043e7942185105a4b48","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-13T07:44:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"eead396fb2e95ea248a7ac4ed48573953ca2392559b6aeb7e93775eec4220c25"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.08920","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.08920","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.08920v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.08920","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3EVX2OW23OTM","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3EVX2OW23OTM6IEZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3EVX2OW2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f388d384e654dfcd4e6f086b5603121479d75ceb6ed5363474caec3d4da6b612","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2310.08920/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose Easymark, a family of embarrassingly simple yet effective watermarks. Text watermarking is becoming increasingly important with the advent of Large Language Models (LLM). LLMs can generate texts that cannot be distinguished from human-written texts. This is a serious problem for the credibility of the text. Easymark is a simple yet effective solution to this problem. Easymark can inject a watermark without changing the meaning of the text at all while a validator can detect if a text was generated from a system that adopted Easymark or not with high credibility. Easymark is extremel","authors_text":"Han Bao, Kenta Niwa, Makoto Yamada, Ryoma Sato, Yuki Takezawa","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-13T07:44:05Z","title":"Embarrassingly Simple Text Watermarks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.08920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:93aec8bd1cceadc1e2a8cb6ac3724d73a057959c464e52ac8cba6a7e1344089e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa1870ba8a09d404cf446d2c3e0f5df6506f14268c13e043e7942185105a4b48","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-10-13T07:44:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"eead396fb2e95ea248a7ac4ed48573953ca2392559b6aeb7e93775eec4220c25"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.08920","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d92b7d3adadba6cf20998b52a4fdadd138d8959e8af5f5bc0d14a581473d3101","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d92b7d3adadba6cf20998b52a4fdadd138d8959e8af5f5bc0d14a581473d3101","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37.117177Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37.117177Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"M/JQl6y7XHncaqW7obOjHALYnjI630Cm/KFbnzEYqq4Kz4RrK0XKDrRiAcLOQOx7EruJADglxbsZMXynU08nBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:37.117851Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2310.08920","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:93aec8bd1cceadc1e2a8cb6ac3724d73a057959c464e52ac8cba6a7e1344089e","sha256:f388d384e654dfcd4e6f086b5603121479d75ceb6ed5363474caec3d4da6b612"],"state_sha256":"2fe8af7887a1927c8806612e0a67f7bdb062a422786a73e406b92e7cf920e6c9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D5uVp3xxxpAQEPRQKMbRi0f/4/3LU38lCnh1JaRjEKpla3t+uJlWejOONPNgLGJEF7AarLjYFa7iKz4ew3iQCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T10:12:40.944711Z","bundle_sha256":"ef457730369b2cbdc6340daebcf639c0569d5f272d45b4e92b023d1d77a3ca33"}}