{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM","short_pith_number":"pith:3F3SQFXH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.01146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T03:16:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"af474a5e5ab8208441b3a5a07dfc7ba6cce95087de877ce3649d4b3ebaf896dd","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ab703b226d5190d2c28c275cb02d98115eb47bb0166000982544704cb602a52"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d9772816e700cbabb50f74f1f69b9d530354769ea8320a5318b58b56857c6757","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.01146","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.01146","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.01146v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.01146","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3F3SQFXHADF2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3F3SQFXHADF2XNIP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3F3SQFXH","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.01146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T03:16:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"af474a5e5ab8208441b3a5a07dfc7ba6cce95087de877ce3649d4b3ebaf896dd","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ab703b226d5190d2c28c275cb02d98115eb47bb0166000982544704cb602a52"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d9772816e700cbabb50f74f1f69b9d530354769ea8320a5318b58b56857c6757","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16.253750Z","signature_b64":"K+rBYbfUA9VFRt+KhqP3Qmz0x+aMUSu8YADCVShT+LjoHLFvzN/2EY70zTSHhWvCw8DqFC5vgczaZptBs551Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d9772816e700cbabb50f74f1f69b9d530354769ea8320a5318b58b56857c6757","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16.253394Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16.253394Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1909.01146","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IRFYs0NiaxoqN32iCz8+4ZyH7FqyryFiFzY0wJLhrdXI2r3+W+qBKMd9lprYK+1xme4ATcEuTcSn0OFsdLF2BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T03:32:19.400490Z"},"content_sha256":"c2f0b90ee5b9e56b355d19a8d4d81f4b3f9cbf6345ae86f147f99465084c70aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c2f0b90ee5b9e56b355d19a8d4d81f4b3f9cbf6345ae86f147f99465084c70aa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bilingual is At Least Monolingual (BALM): A Novel Translation Algorithm that Encodes Monolingual Priors","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Chris Callison-Burch, Jeffrey Cheng","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T03:16:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"State-of-the-art machine translation (MT) models do not use knowledge of any single language's structure; this is the equivalent of asking someone to translate from English to German while knowing neither language. BALM is a framework incorporates monolingual priors into an MT pipeline; by casting input and output languages into embedded space using BERT, we can solve machine translation with much simpler models. We find that English-to-German translation on the Multi30k dataset can be solved with a simple feedforward network under the BALM framework with near-SOTA BLEU scores."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.01146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.01146/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y5NnTjJBEzroJgZkxZtWC5Zwt0UH1Ga1IBivc854zqlzOwHvZPy0878OBzBrRkFEB1SKsnh039IQEb9UdSCIBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T03:32:19.401018Z"},"content_sha256":"7e0fceece664dba72cb812dddb36bced202ab1505416c110de0f81b753f98b16","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7e0fceece664dba72cb812dddb36bced202ab1505416c110de0f81b753f98b16"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T03:32:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:3F3SQFXHADF2XNIPOTY7NG45KM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ab703b226d5190d2c28c275cb02d98115eb47bb0166000982544704cb602a52","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T03:16:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"af474a5e5ab8208441b3a5a07dfc7ba6cce95087de877ce3649d4b3ebaf896dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.01146","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.01146","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.01146v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.01146","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3F3SQFXHADF2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3F3SQFXHADF2XNIP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3F3SQFXH","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7e0fceece664dba72cb812dddb36bced202ab1505416c110de0f81b753f98b16","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.01146/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"State-of-the-art machine translation (MT) models do not use knowledge of any single language's structure; this is the equivalent of asking someone to translate from English to German while knowing neither language. BALM is a framework incorporates monolingual priors into an MT pipeline; by casting input and output languages into embedded space using BERT, we can solve machine translation with much simpler models. We find that English-to-German translation on the Multi30k dataset can be solved with a simple feedforward network under the BALM framework with near-SOTA BLEU scores.","authors_text":"Chris Callison-Burch, Jeffrey Cheng","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T03:16:10Z","title":"Bilingual is At Least Monolingual (BALM): A Novel Translation Algorithm that Encodes Monolingual Priors"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.01146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c2f0b90ee5b9e56b355d19a8d4d81f4b3f9cbf6345ae86f147f99465084c70aa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ab703b226d5190d2c28c275cb02d98115eb47bb0166000982544704cb602a52","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-08-30T03:16:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"af474a5e5ab8208441b3a5a07dfc7ba6cce95087de877ce3649d4b3ebaf896dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.01146","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d9772816e700cbabb50f74f1f69b9d530354769ea8320a5318b58b56857c6757","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d9772816e700cbabb50f74f1f69b9d530354769ea8320a5318b58b56857c6757","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16.253394Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16.253394Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"K+rBYbfUA9VFRt+KhqP3Qmz0x+aMUSu8YADCVShT+LjoHLFvzN/2EY70zTSHhWvCw8DqFC5vgczaZptBs551Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:01:16.253750Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.01146","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c2f0b90ee5b9e56b355d19a8d4d81f4b3f9cbf6345ae86f147f99465084c70aa","sha256:7e0fceece664dba72cb812dddb36bced202ab1505416c110de0f81b753f98b16"],"state_sha256":"4c07bc3f57b1617fedd47ef4a18d1a8af3a3f41337cdaf176210afd8378b6495"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JBwsuAm1mZEKIoeXNR6o1cLH2RsofYDCdFndNYqEkcAl5k1aBP2OqFSXMX4goghfWST7SkqkJKSgA+ifEvfmBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T03:32:19.406264Z","bundle_sha256":"c4fd9ab8aabce56090988c3f2c850a37807b2913885988f3831125307a343806"}}