{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2023:3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R","short_pith_number":"pith:3FGQLWDV","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"d94d05d87597bb075e57af35baf2cbec7b55c08325a5320209c94a0e8f0e3581","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2303.08765","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"The Effects of the Pandemic on Market Power and Profitability","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Jaime Ramirez-Cuellar, Juan Andres Espinosa-Torres","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T17:03:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"We explore firm-level markup and profit rates during the COVID-19 pandemic for a panel of 3,611 publicly traded firms in Compustat and find increases for the average firm. We offer conditions to give markups and profit rate forecasts a causal interpretation of what would have happened had the pandemic not happened. Our estimations suggest that had the pandemic not happened, markups would have been 4% and 7% higher than observed in 2020 and 2021, respectively, and profit rates would have been 2.1 and 6.4 percentage points lower. We perform a battery of tests to assess the robustness of our appr"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.08765","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T17:03:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"9c32114a47af69969429bbee8abdaef3a71640e40f27d58a2fb4088c60fa0b20","abstract_canon_sha256":"bb78ea5eec0b89cba3f3e4533161ff45e87a4f0bd664336499e3d30d35d588db"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088783Z","signature_b64":"Nj6dyoPzSR3r88+kLqfkW+P0QOMaXkbeVa/baBdLkcIu0VmnImw+kB3XDOaHl0FwYZUonNPoc95emme+lwYCCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d94d05d87597bb075e57af35baf2cbec7b55c08325a5320209c94a0e8f0e3581","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088361Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088361Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Effects of the Pandemic on Market Power and Profitability","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Jaime Ramirez-Cuellar, Juan Andres Espinosa-Torres","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T17:03:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"We explore firm-level markup and profit rates during the COVID-19 pandemic for a panel of 3,611 publicly traded firms in Compustat and find increases for the average firm. We offer conditions to give markups and profit rate forecasts a causal interpretation of what would have happened had the pandemic not happened. Our estimations suggest that had the pandemic not happened, markups would have been 4% and 7% higher than observed in 2020 and 2021, respectively, and profit rates would have been 2.1 and 6.4 percentage points lower. We perform a battery of tests to assess the robustness of our appr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.08765","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2303.08765/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.08765","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088424+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.08765v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088424+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.08765","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088424+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3FGQLWDVS65Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088424+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3FGQLWDVS65QOXSX","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088424+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3FGQLWDV","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088424+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R","json":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3FGQLWDV"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3FGQLWDV","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2303.08765&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/3FGQLWDVS65QOXSXV423V4WL5R/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088424+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:37.088424+00:00"}