{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV","short_pith_number":"pith:3FN5NO7K","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2010.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-21T13:40:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5e29bc22c692ec81f3579a00d9e1cf6562600079beec0ba348ade162f547ea93","abstract_canon_sha256":"8be6aed3140a233b1a448244eccc1f16ede8424545d1a3321a2bedf1afd50851"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d95bd6bbea9a28815bdd40356a829b2543a2d643cc0e686ee08dd18ce1b964f0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2010.10999","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2010.10999","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2010.10999v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2010.10999","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3FN5NO7KTIUI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3FN5NO7KTIUICW65","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3FN5NO7K","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2010.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-21T13:40:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5e29bc22c692ec81f3579a00d9e1cf6562600079beec0ba348ade162f547ea93","abstract_canon_sha256":"8be6aed3140a233b1a448244eccc1f16ede8424545d1a3321a2bedf1afd50851"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d95bd6bbea9a28815bdd40356a829b2543a2d643cc0e686ee08dd18ce1b964f0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58.280833Z","signature_b64":"xYvMmd9QIqjvMhyPDqbM+wPYt/+nPk4ThSwCWBHxSS+hk8Z6m+IYbmx53yQbCdkP+SdUQOKB8HEV7nKU3KPDBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d95bd6bbea9a28815bdd40356a829b2543a2d643cc0e686ee08dd18ce1b964f0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58.280391Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58.280391Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2010.10999","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"30bzHfRG7JjBX1d3MOghSY7tIcpoYBlw4Oz34N5bqiUvewi/U0k0vnl4doK0Mb2WIVQLeTqaYaX+1hT/NfvwCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T14:58:17.215084Z"},"content_sha256":"253bad33324e118de9f8fca87e6f532e7472cb1edd97f6c4d0a309f741aba2a9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:253bad33324e118de9f8fca87e6f532e7472cb1edd97f6c4d0a309f741aba2a9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Is Retriever Merely an Approximator of Reader?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Minjoon Seo, Sohee Yang","submitted_at":"2020-10-21T13:40:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"The state of the art in open-domain question answering (QA) relies on an efficient retriever that drastically reduces the search space for the expensive reader. A rather overlooked question in the community is the relationship between the retriever and the reader, and in particular, if the whole purpose of the retriever is just a fast approximation for the reader. Our empirical evidence indicates that the answer is no, and that the reader and the retriever are complementary to each other even in terms of accuracy only. We make a careful conjecture that the architectural constraint of the retri"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2010.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2010.10999/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bUPwaIx0LZVMLarf9J1sFzTVwiiIBbFfaMMTCoiw4H+Q2UeztNE5ChjuFx9cLrkUQt97Ymxy3s0d/aPAcRlMBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T14:58:17.215602Z"},"content_sha256":"fc5ed519012efbde0cdde038f9928c2799b1197218c66fdf394f7b12f16ed62a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc5ed519012efbde0cdde038f9928c2799b1197218c66fdf394f7b12f16ed62a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T14:58:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:3FN5NO7KTIUICW65IA2WVAU3EV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8be6aed3140a233b1a448244eccc1f16ede8424545d1a3321a2bedf1afd50851","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-21T13:40:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"5e29bc22c692ec81f3579a00d9e1cf6562600079beec0ba348ade162f547ea93"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2010.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2010.10999","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2010.10999v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2010.10999","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3FN5NO7KTIUI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3FN5NO7KTIUICW65","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3FN5NO7K","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fc5ed519012efbde0cdde038f9928c2799b1197218c66fdf394f7b12f16ed62a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2010.10999/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The state of the art in open-domain question answering (QA) relies on an efficient retriever that drastically reduces the search space for the expensive reader. A rather overlooked question in the community is the relationship between the retriever and the reader, and in particular, if the whole purpose of the retriever is just a fast approximation for the reader. Our empirical evidence indicates that the answer is no, and that the reader and the retriever are complementary to each other even in terms of accuracy only. We make a careful conjecture that the architectural constraint of the retri","authors_text":"Minjoon Seo, Sohee Yang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-21T13:40:15Z","title":"Is Retriever Merely an Approximator of Reader?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2010.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:253bad33324e118de9f8fca87e6f532e7472cb1edd97f6c4d0a309f741aba2a9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8be6aed3140a233b1a448244eccc1f16ede8424545d1a3321a2bedf1afd50851","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-21T13:40:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"5e29bc22c692ec81f3579a00d9e1cf6562600079beec0ba348ade162f547ea93"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2010.10999","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d95bd6bbea9a28815bdd40356a829b2543a2d643cc0e686ee08dd18ce1b964f0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d95bd6bbea9a28815bdd40356a829b2543a2d643cc0e686ee08dd18ce1b964f0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58.280391Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58.280391Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xYvMmd9QIqjvMhyPDqbM+wPYt/+nPk4ThSwCWBHxSS+hk8Z6m+IYbmx53yQbCdkP+SdUQOKB8HEV7nKU3KPDBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:44:58.280833Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2010.10999","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:253bad33324e118de9f8fca87e6f532e7472cb1edd97f6c4d0a309f741aba2a9","sha256:fc5ed519012efbde0cdde038f9928c2799b1197218c66fdf394f7b12f16ed62a"],"state_sha256":"bf241ea1f86001fe3e86b75e8aef0c3eb44f3c3ff31a6576fe50d8f6a13c36dc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PBzSnqICNN+gXVpatA4OgFi6WwQm0giTSmY9FKrvys9IzNhyNciya1rM4xaEMHVjbFv8yq0M9ySb/HLurPJvBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T14:58:17.220584Z","bundle_sha256":"e31ff865e07e168d6daa0c363f9ac5b369f1ac33cffbdd1eb82abd6c6794bfb7"}}