{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR","short_pith_number":"pith:3FRLD4TP","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"d962b1f26f7a23a52a2799cae9a470b44fffa3d8d3f580ff949a1a6359b13595","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.14502","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Quantifying Cyber-Vulnerability in Power Electronics Systems via an Impedance-Based Attack Reachable Domain","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"An impedance-based Attack Reachable Domain quantifies how far limited-privilege attackers can drive power-electronics nodes past stability limits.","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Hongwei Zhen, Mingyang Sun, Wuhua Li, Xin Xiang, Ze Yu","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T07:47:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Power electronics systems are increasingly exposed to cyber threats due to their integration with digital controllers and communication networks. However, an attacker-oriented metric is still lacking to quantify the extent to which a node can be pushed toward instability within a privilege-constrained action space. This letter proposes an impedance-based Attack Reachable Domain (ARD) framework that maps feasible adversarial actions to critical-eigenvalue migration through impedance reshaping. Based on the ARD, an Attack Penetration Index is defined to quantify node-level cyber-vulnerability by"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":true,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.14502","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T07:47:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"fcd79b6f38b1a175c0256472f4d3b617a2da9f8597e932661b7db604cf4d5ab1","abstract_canon_sha256":"e0dd4fa2a8ce81f2f39e447ee67392d38e0e39360944521daa4cf21aad5c944e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:06.302798Z","signature_b64":"UERtQ+wJTZ38zXkom+ZXybDKICYPfBv5JbjnuEIOnK4eloEIbHtj9mO+02yvfgDE/VXB0RQjGbghWbDeG7gQBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d962b1f26f7a23a52a2799cae9a470b44fffa3d8d3f580ff949a1a6359b13595","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:06.302112Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:06.302112Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantifying Cyber-Vulnerability in Power Electronics Systems via an Impedance-Based Attack Reachable Domain","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"An impedance-based Attack Reachable Domain quantifies how far limited-privilege attackers can drive power-electronics nodes past stability limits.","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Hongwei Zhen, Mingyang Sun, Wuhua Li, Xin Xiang, Ze Yu","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T07:47:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Power electronics systems are increasingly exposed to cyber threats due to their integration with digital controllers and communication networks. However, an attacker-oriented metric is still lacking to quantify the extent to which a node can be pushed toward instability within a privilege-constrained action space. This letter proposes an impedance-based Attack Reachable Domain (ARD) framework that maps feasible adversarial actions to critical-eigenvalue migration through impedance reshaping. Based on the ARD, an Attack Penetration Index is defined to quantify node-level cyber-vulnerability by"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Based on the ARD, an Attack Penetration Index is defined to quantify node-level cyber-vulnerability by jointly characterizing the penetration of the nominal stability margin and the accessibility of successful destabilizing attacks within a privilege-constrained action space.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That feasible adversarial actions can be accurately represented as impedance reshaping operations and that the resulting critical-eigenvalue migration reliably indicates instability under privilege constraints.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"An Attack Reachable Domain and Attack Penetration Index quantify node-level cyber-vulnerability in power electronics by linking adversarial impedance changes to stability margin penetration.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"An impedance-based Attack Reachable Domain quantifies how far limited-privilege attackers can drive power-electronics nodes past stability limits.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"2a794cdcb5cb087e5c82b828948e2756452931184629c88076190880aba4742f"},"source":{"id":"2605.14502","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"ffc5a1f3-84d8-4fef-99e7-433fc0c49fee","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-15T01:53:48.020268Z","strongest_claim":"Based on the ARD, an Attack Penetration Index is defined to quantify node-level cyber-vulnerability by jointly characterizing the penetration of the nominal stability margin and the accessibility of successful destabilizing attacks within a privilege-constrained action space.","one_line_summary":"An Attack Reachable Domain and Attack Penetration Index quantify node-level cyber-vulnerability in power electronics by linking adversarial impedance changes to stability margin penetration.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That feasible adversarial actions can be accurately represented as impedance reshaping operations and that the resulting critical-eigenvalue migration reliably indicates instability under privilege constraints.","pith_extraction_headline":"An impedance-based Attack Reachable Domain quantifies how far limited-privilege attackers can drive power-electronics nodes past stability limits."},"references":{"count":13,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2021,"title":"Multilayer resilience paradigm against cyber attacks in dc microgrids,","work_id":"4496c685-a6dc-404a-9550-1fed30a7bc8e","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2025,"title":"Public history of solar energy cyberattacks and vulnerabil- ities,","work_id":"0c1f5259-4662-473b-84c3-c1c7235a5c03","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2025,"title":"Exploring smart grid vulnerability against intelligent inverter parameter tampering attack,","work_id":"0688f4fa-a208-449c-9072-ded73bbb8adf","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2022,"title":"Cybersecurity of smart inverters in the smart grid: A survey,","work_id":"a42f9376-a903-4a90-afa4-d920966df8fc","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"An overview of cyber-resilient smart in- verters based on practical attack models,","work_id":"f82bb4ec-c630-40d0-a8cf-d26a17403228","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":13,"snapshot_sha256":"eca895ef0e2ed0561b5b65a006b4053f503415d96cd41a4159a50131fdfeb014","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.14502","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:06.302218+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.14502v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:06.302218+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.14502","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:06.302218+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3FRLD4TPPIR2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37.589309+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37.589309+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3FRLD4TP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37.589309+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR","json":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3FRLD4TP"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3FRLD4TP","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2605.14502&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/3FRLD4TPPIR2KKRHTHFOTJDQWR/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:06.302218+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:06.302218+00:00"}