{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:3FUXFNXKBUDEDVPOJG7WZ3XJ6Q","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41984b37edef9444afb80c7927bc61198c4b5481c01ea83c38a994ea08f98cce","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-24T00:24:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"9b1779bc25cde7042663bd6f2197983361de70d1729798aa7bd0ce52d7732a86"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.15574","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.15574","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.15574v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.15574","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3FUXFNXKBUDE","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3FUXFNXKBUDEDVPO","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3FUXFNXK","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f9d43c089b0a48c297a058eb6aad0dccb416306be2a8ee1ab42e75e1dac04e12","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.15574/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite the recent progress in long-context language models, it remains elusive how transformer-based models exhibit the capability to retrieve relevant information from arbitrary locations within the long context. This paper aims to address this question. Our systematic investigation across a wide spectrum of models reveals that a special type of attention heads are largely responsible for retrieving information, which we dub retrieval heads. We identify intriguing properties of retrieval heads:(1) universal: all the explored models with long-context capability have a set of retrieval heads; ","authors_text":"Guangxuan Xiao, Hao Peng, Wenhao Wu, Yao Fu, Yizhong Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-24T00:24:03Z","title":"Retrieval Head Mechanistically Explains Long-Context Factuality"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.15574","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0bf509c9c562ac3f93c94741e6ff7642b65d15e4bbac93ca2df01042cfb61d49","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41984b37edef9444afb80c7927bc61198c4b5481c01ea83c38a994ea08f98cce","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-24T00:24:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"9b1779bc25cde7042663bd6f2197983361de70d1729798aa7bd0ce52d7732a86"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.15574","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d96972b6ea0d0641d5ee49bf6ceee9f40eb8a000cbd917c141634dd9f4c7cc92","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d96972b6ea0d0641d5ee49bf6ceee9f40eb8a000cbd917c141634dd9f4c7cc92","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29.830376Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29.830376Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"eTw3OpkP9vm4n7l/8sGZ9Si8FeZy7x21xn5lNvQbp88OlXz6Ki32a2VqXhdc7htdM4sxv2aFhevCQ9T+2z4xCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:11:29.830859Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.15574","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0bf509c9c562ac3f93c94741e6ff7642b65d15e4bbac93ca2df01042cfb61d49","sha256:f9d43c089b0a48c297a058eb6aad0dccb416306be2a8ee1ab42e75e1dac04e12"],"state_sha256":"e0119ed79154d37881ac2710dae44ce43cb68e459c291a970eb2321f37c2df42"}