{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW","short_pith_number":"pith:3GCY2KHY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.08377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-03-18T17:54:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.GT","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"38a8a5405bbc790aa028e8c4d0b01717dd845e480b28b441d3cc68231a071f14","abstract_canon_sha256":"11fa37f917c84087733de46e29057cae11f45d16637fdb146b38feb18b526f9c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d9858d28f84154386014360b71a05b95b52966b2b82e024df4c93966cde3d2e9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2003.08377","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.08377","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.08377v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.08377","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3GCY2KHYIFKD","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3GCY2KHY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.08377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-03-18T17:54:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.GT","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"38a8a5405bbc790aa028e8c4d0b01717dd845e480b28b441d3cc68231a071f14","abstract_canon_sha256":"11fa37f917c84087733de46e29057cae11f45d16637fdb146b38feb18b526f9c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d9858d28f84154386014360b71a05b95b52966b2b82e024df4c93966cde3d2e9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04.395940Z","signature_b64":"wuJkwSPDvj4a4ccT1gNhGAuKX83ihUl3CiVPOZ0/+8risWhXCvlT7P4yTjSrKlKrQp9m9Epf9edxDyYv3hJGAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d9858d28f84154386014360b71a05b95b52966b2b82e024df4c93966cde3d2e9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04.395491Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04.395491Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2003.08377","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kRT3VCszJP7O6zUTevthgCspcwHPRxSbbQab5K2G/1bI4r01tr4N9nzK5f3Lu2xUbnzX8K/zdvIQrLOfNUCmCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:45:10.462849Z"},"content_sha256":"48433dfe4500a08d28cc075a47408eab80435fc4f6c530e35d3af8134d15f2b8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:48433dfe4500a08d28cc075a47408eab80435fc4f6c530e35d3af8134d15f2b8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Network disruption: maximizing disagreement and polarization in social networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DS","cs.GT","physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Mayee F. Chen, Miklos Z. Racz","submitted_at":"2020-03-18T17:54:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent years have seen a marked increase in the spread of misinformation, a phenomenon which has been accelerated and amplified by social media such as Facebook and Twitter. While some actors spread misinformation to push a specific agenda, it has also been widely documented that others aim to simply disrupt the network by increasing disagreement and polarization across the network and thereby destabilizing society. Popular social networks are also vulnerable to large-scale attacks. Motivated by this reality, we introduce a simple model of network disruption where an adversary can take over a "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.08377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2003.08377/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bZSXX1Q2Ts6FFD6QTzulO2TNoFIz5fg8ldCK5/z5bLyCKUiRGoCtmPWewcnYEpcjohBj8/CyyF0GB9i0tM9iAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:45:10.463235Z"},"content_sha256":"5d2ce230acd0544eb1d1c0b5058b1ca12145c272c6edfd740c293b9f24996d2a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5d2ce230acd0544eb1d1c0b5058b1ca12145c272c6edfd740c293b9f24996d2a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T05:45:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAUGYFXDIC3SW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"11fa37f917c84087733de46e29057cae11f45d16637fdb146b38feb18b526f9c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.GT","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-03-18T17:54:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"38a8a5405bbc790aa028e8c4d0b01717dd845e480b28b441d3cc68231a071f14"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.08377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.08377","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.08377v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.08377","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3GCY2KHYIFKD","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3GCY2KHYIFKDQYAU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3GCY2KHY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5d2ce230acd0544eb1d1c0b5058b1ca12145c272c6edfd740c293b9f24996d2a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2003.08377/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent years have seen a marked increase in the spread of misinformation, a phenomenon which has been accelerated and amplified by social media such as Facebook and Twitter. While some actors spread misinformation to push a specific agenda, it has also been widely documented that others aim to simply disrupt the network by increasing disagreement and polarization across the network and thereby destabilizing society. Popular social networks are also vulnerable to large-scale attacks. Motivated by this reality, we introduce a simple model of network disruption where an adversary can take over a ","authors_text":"Mayee F. Chen, Miklos Z. Racz","cross_cats":["cs.DS","cs.GT","physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-03-18T17:54:46Z","title":"Network disruption: maximizing disagreement and polarization in social networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.08377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:48433dfe4500a08d28cc075a47408eab80435fc4f6c530e35d3af8134d15f2b8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"11fa37f917c84087733de46e29057cae11f45d16637fdb146b38feb18b526f9c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.GT","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2020-03-18T17:54:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"38a8a5405bbc790aa028e8c4d0b01717dd845e480b28b441d3cc68231a071f14"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.08377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d9858d28f84154386014360b71a05b95b52966b2b82e024df4c93966cde3d2e9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d9858d28f84154386014360b71a05b95b52966b2b82e024df4c93966cde3d2e9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04.395491Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04.395491Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wuJkwSPDvj4a4ccT1gNhGAuKX83ihUl3CiVPOZ0/+8risWhXCvlT7P4yTjSrKlKrQp9m9Epf9edxDyYv3hJGAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:54:04.395940Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2003.08377","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:48433dfe4500a08d28cc075a47408eab80435fc4f6c530e35d3af8134d15f2b8","sha256:5d2ce230acd0544eb1d1c0b5058b1ca12145c272c6edfd740c293b9f24996d2a"],"state_sha256":"99a5b194b099513aa38b6189bc97a3836eed8b92501f896acff710ee1cf04ecd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dLxIvQdDkfa+H1EqWc2KwgcwXIGG3hpYIynHpGs7cV2M4XcuecqPgO2MQqKsrUD9LxgGsf6KSUtBhy23wUfHCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:45:10.465797Z","bundle_sha256":"4224059152553a1fe4fd3bda1d04a92e4d98a28809f02e67786627c6e1d8ee41"}}