{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK","short_pith_number":"pith:3GDFPVCS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.03179","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-03-06T14:48:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0422f5c75d2966e6aca794520d3e384f29f8f0f57dcfe4c9fbe68a7a753638a4","abstract_canon_sha256":"58dd47595842e0ca8b3a4d95099a5602a2f8a9cc9cef76023a4c6fd9c2d94279"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d98657d4525bf3f8c3d80b13082d3a9287ba3f2a3a5caa3b9e93eacfd06b70b0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2303.03179","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.03179","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.03179v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.03179","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3GDFPVCSLPZ7","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3GDFPVCS","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.03179","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-03-06T14:48:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0422f5c75d2966e6aca794520d3e384f29f8f0f57dcfe4c9fbe68a7a753638a4","abstract_canon_sha256":"58dd47595842e0ca8b3a4d95099a5602a2f8a9cc9cef76023a4c6fd9c2d94279"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d98657d4525bf3f8c3d80b13082d3a9287ba3f2a3a5caa3b9e93eacfd06b70b0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26.707075Z","signature_b64":"AMQNivr/8JPRXR1rwR2ayfg5HqafdkxHj5dXLxIGq4OiftGsX4ptLALmGyp/derBLBrpJ0njI4TH1R7NxWQrCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d98657d4525bf3f8c3d80b13082d3a9287ba3f2a3a5caa3b9e93eacfd06b70b0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26.706571Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26.706571Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2303.03179","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"snyB4xIxuMXLPFP6QD6yu28Q0ap7QGESk5OmPatomamYThFIw+JcKsBa/PyEV9aSP2P5igDsknp1UGQh3FvLDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T05:19:28.032091Z"},"content_sha256":"44464c3cdf97794db22cfd7d0aac9990d0a771fec0a2a61ccbd597b20e2ea3a0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:44464c3cdf97794db22cfd7d0aac9990d0a771fec0a2a61ccbd597b20e2ea3a0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Metamorphic Testing for Smart Contract Vulnerabilities Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Jiahao Li","submitted_at":"2023-03-06T14:48:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite the rapid growth of smart contracts, they are suffering numerous security vulnerabilities due to the absence of reliable development and testing. In this article, we apply the metamorphic testing technique to detect smart contract vulnerabilities. Based on the anomalies we observed in vulnerable smart contracts, we define five metamorphic relations to detect abnormal gas consumption and account interaction inconsistency of the target smart contract. Through dynamically executing transactions and checking the final violation of metamorphic relations, we determine whether a smart contrac"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.03179","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2303.03179/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D8ZD5L5+m1kGO0ZpWgVT/ifRgFkyRy6dzJQf+494aBZhNIvWgEP6cO/OjwQ4iMoBQ6hlOJYHlsqlfyKRn9yUBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T05:19:28.032598Z"},"content_sha256":"c1a259142660f29f27c6da1c62a4c96395285374adba280b07404116b33dcb31","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c1a259142660f29f27c6da1c62a4c96395285374adba280b07404116b33dcb31"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T05:19:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6YBMJQQLJ2SK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"58dd47595842e0ca8b3a4d95099a5602a2f8a9cc9cef76023a4c6fd9c2d94279","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-03-06T14:48:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"0422f5c75d2966e6aca794520d3e384f29f8f0f57dcfe4c9fbe68a7a753638a4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.03179","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.03179","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.03179v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.03179","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3GDFPVCSLPZ7","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3GDFPVCSLPZ7RQ6Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3GDFPVCS","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c1a259142660f29f27c6da1c62a4c96395285374adba280b07404116b33dcb31","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2303.03179/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite the rapid growth of smart contracts, they are suffering numerous security vulnerabilities due to the absence of reliable development and testing. In this article, we apply the metamorphic testing technique to detect smart contract vulnerabilities. Based on the anomalies we observed in vulnerable smart contracts, we define five metamorphic relations to detect abnormal gas consumption and account interaction inconsistency of the target smart contract. Through dynamically executing transactions and checking the final violation of metamorphic relations, we determine whether a smart contrac","authors_text":"Jiahao Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-03-06T14:48:16Z","title":"Metamorphic Testing for Smart Contract Vulnerabilities Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.03179","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:44464c3cdf97794db22cfd7d0aac9990d0a771fec0a2a61ccbd597b20e2ea3a0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"58dd47595842e0ca8b3a4d95099a5602a2f8a9cc9cef76023a4c6fd9c2d94279","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-03-06T14:48:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"0422f5c75d2966e6aca794520d3e384f29f8f0f57dcfe4c9fbe68a7a753638a4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.03179","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d98657d4525bf3f8c3d80b13082d3a9287ba3f2a3a5caa3b9e93eacfd06b70b0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d98657d4525bf3f8c3d80b13082d3a9287ba3f2a3a5caa3b9e93eacfd06b70b0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26.706571Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26.706571Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"AMQNivr/8JPRXR1rwR2ayfg5HqafdkxHj5dXLxIGq4OiftGsX4ptLALmGyp/derBLBrpJ0njI4TH1R7NxWQrCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:48:26.707075Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2303.03179","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:44464c3cdf97794db22cfd7d0aac9990d0a771fec0a2a61ccbd597b20e2ea3a0","sha256:c1a259142660f29f27c6da1c62a4c96395285374adba280b07404116b33dcb31"],"state_sha256":"c75d56de232755c5e4b4070a7fe6fc5ef27df6f5eb8cabb312e59120c9eb5f5d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0F0lvOgUfBVjJ9ri0hZti73D7+5ZkadrV13wttHBJwJc/XEsO/BE/omEWp2FI3p2CVp3znLxZLkvuvH74GT1Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T05:19:28.036347Z","bundle_sha256":"f3a50ebbdb0c9abafd2c044a8e1af67ac4c362d3af4e2ea52d239f9368afb420"}}