{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR","short_pith_number":"pith:3GHJUZMJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.14559","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-27T23:01:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"065e5be51e995bc5c3dec21df8b13ecd80ccf8c96885610252e6027e19297a40","abstract_canon_sha256":"efd5c8041fb84afd9031dc57b3deecf4a053e4a35c313eb61965a33abd394537"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d98e9a6589915b335cb9e163c60bb1bc4cef0e2456dd8873a25911ae9134a918","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2304.14559","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.14559","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.14559v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.14559","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3GHJUZMJSFNT","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3GHJUZMJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.14559","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-27T23:01:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"065e5be51e995bc5c3dec21df8b13ecd80ccf8c96885610252e6027e19297a40","abstract_canon_sha256":"efd5c8041fb84afd9031dc57b3deecf4a053e4a35c313eb61965a33abd394537"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d98e9a6589915b335cb9e163c60bb1bc4cef0e2456dd8873a25911ae9134a918","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18.338727Z","signature_b64":"EEy1QukQcx3WzTLAX3OaIxks4KAELoBJUsNja032GFg4qwdm/i4aYWfJkH2Rs2dCYxznfU7EQldUMOCn5XVPAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d98e9a6589915b335cb9e163c60bb1bc4cef0e2456dd8873a25911ae9134a918","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18.338267Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18.338267Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2304.14559","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o80GQc2Jj/xhYapqS0TfS5eYi27FNYX3a+3QPWpavEH2j2FtVgxIQMh9nkUpX+bm2EupohvQi8OVmTN/uSzNDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T19:28:26.185100Z"},"content_sha256":"7f519faa35669e0e4108b1ee84bc9d1e43a5de61c749eb6555927382acd3fc5d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7f519faa35669e0e4108b1ee84bc9d1e43a5de61c749eb6555927382acd3fc5d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"LNMesh: Who Said You need Internet to send Bitcoin? Offline Lightning Network Payments using Community Wireless Mesh Networks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Abdulhadi Sahin, Ahmet Kurt, Kemal Akkaya, Ricardo Harrilal-Parchment","submitted_at":"2023-04-27T23:01:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Bitcoin is undoubtedly a great alternative to today's existing digital payment systems. Even though Bitcoin's scalability has been debated for a long time, we see that it is no longer a concern thanks to its layer-2 solution Lightning Network (LN). LN has been growing non-stop since its creation and enabled fast, cheap, anonymous, censorship-resistant Bitcoin transactions. However, as known, LN nodes need an active Internet connection to operate securely which may not be always possible. For example, in the aftermath of natural disasters or power outages, users may not have Internet access for"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.14559","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2304.14559/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RUZDZRn+o9rcA2AHI6xqDOFcwp+Y+cjSJFC7ASIJcWiA5vTu8/ksvyXxp02zHReBkh/2K+AOILIluoh1J+JbCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T19:28:26.185489Z"},"content_sha256":"df8ef5abc36ccb0b3f040641eac294005f116d9ff87da973b1159a218f22c4a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:df8ef5abc36ccb0b3f040641eac294005f116d9ff87da973b1159a218f22c4a6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-15T19:28:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ4FR4MC5RXR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"efd5c8041fb84afd9031dc57b3deecf4a053e4a35c313eb61965a33abd394537","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-27T23:01:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"065e5be51e995bc5c3dec21df8b13ecd80ccf8c96885610252e6027e19297a40"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.14559","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.14559","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.14559v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.14559","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3GHJUZMJSFNT","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3GHJUZMJSFNTGXFZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3GHJUZMJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:df8ef5abc36ccb0b3f040641eac294005f116d9ff87da973b1159a218f22c4a6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2304.14559/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Bitcoin is undoubtedly a great alternative to today's existing digital payment systems. Even though Bitcoin's scalability has been debated for a long time, we see that it is no longer a concern thanks to its layer-2 solution Lightning Network (LN). LN has been growing non-stop since its creation and enabled fast, cheap, anonymous, censorship-resistant Bitcoin transactions. However, as known, LN nodes need an active Internet connection to operate securely which may not be always possible. For example, in the aftermath of natural disasters or power outages, users may not have Internet access for","authors_text":"Abdulhadi Sahin, Ahmet Kurt, Kemal Akkaya, Ricardo Harrilal-Parchment","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-27T23:01:34Z","title":"LNMesh: Who Said You need Internet to send Bitcoin? Offline Lightning Network Payments using Community Wireless Mesh Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.14559","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7f519faa35669e0e4108b1ee84bc9d1e43a5de61c749eb6555927382acd3fc5d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"efd5c8041fb84afd9031dc57b3deecf4a053e4a35c313eb61965a33abd394537","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-27T23:01:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"065e5be51e995bc5c3dec21df8b13ecd80ccf8c96885610252e6027e19297a40"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.14559","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d98e9a6589915b335cb9e163c60bb1bc4cef0e2456dd8873a25911ae9134a918","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d98e9a6589915b335cb9e163c60bb1bc4cef0e2456dd8873a25911ae9134a918","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18.338267Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18.338267Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EEy1QukQcx3WzTLAX3OaIxks4KAELoBJUsNja032GFg4qwdm/i4aYWfJkH2Rs2dCYxznfU7EQldUMOCn5XVPAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:05:18.338727Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2304.14559","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7f519faa35669e0e4108b1ee84bc9d1e43a5de61c749eb6555927382acd3fc5d","sha256:df8ef5abc36ccb0b3f040641eac294005f116d9ff87da973b1159a218f22c4a6"],"state_sha256":"2da1abf24a1b20b9007f5ffc83709bc039f8c98679a3905afe9286e0634db814"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rL4jZUw96bhFo8Kfck1hxlaHmdDmBM6DNoE//7nJ4w6QN+KbB0KHndV91lYpS/3Nl+AyKBbdKPSK1+0zzkBCBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T19:28:26.187537Z","bundle_sha256":"830f5dde54c8a9bbb9fc7ed8d990cbb74a1085b33d7b97b370297d808e756b13"}}