{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO","short_pith_number":"pith:3H2IQSUY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.09409","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-03-14T14:01:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"08ca98da733c5dc205224f4017ad8797c81076c9acc060c1930bf42186351560","abstract_canon_sha256":"c6f26e611f186923c1a153a00b8eda8db93878bf4e6e760cb4fab31d844cb1d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d9f4884a98feb40532926c5108cba08b82c2580a33f18c08eecaa183e65bf218","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2403.09409","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.09409","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.09409v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.09409","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3H2IQSUY722A","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3H2IQSUY722AKMUS","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3H2IQSUY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.09409","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-03-14T14:01:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"08ca98da733c5dc205224f4017ad8797c81076c9acc060c1930bf42186351560","abstract_canon_sha256":"c6f26e611f186923c1a153a00b8eda8db93878bf4e6e760cb4fab31d844cb1d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d9f4884a98feb40532926c5108cba08b82c2580a33f18c08eecaa183e65bf218","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02.415381Z","signature_b64":"wpodPMa0csBqrFS7kh1N5lwJXhsf8cniF5DMiS7A5iV6xXjSsgbF+IxWoAMon1cE0KhSwSZeD2kjWAxjH0gDDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d9f4884a98feb40532926c5108cba08b82c2580a33f18c08eecaa183e65bf218","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02.414902Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02.414902Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2403.09409","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LYBsIGb+u5TalfLZBCP2qS+Wp1FIKw7Wb2x4ufY5+Ru3x8UeVckVBHOE0XfLVxsxCaMuKNBv7he2EMqGVZerDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:28:16.691158Z"},"content_sha256":"e1e13e12232a421f3a37de118318fd87d27279c96a451d95e2159b7375129f82","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e1e13e12232a421f3a37de118318fd87d27279c96a451d95e2159b7375129f82"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"\"Like a Nesting Doll\": Analyzing Recursion Analogies Generated by CS Students using Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Arto Hellas, Juho Leinonen, Lauren Kan, Matt Littlefield, Paul Denny, Sami Sarsa, Seth Bernstein, Stephen MacNeil","submitted_at":"2024-03-14T14:01:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Grasping complex computing concepts often poses a challenge for students who struggle to anchor these new ideas to familiar experiences and understandings. To help with this, a good analogy can bridge the gap between unfamiliar concepts and familiar ones, providing an engaging way to aid understanding. However, creating effective educational analogies is difficult even for experienced instructors. We investigate to what extent large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT, can provide access to personally relevant analogies on demand. Focusing on recursion, a challenging threshold concept"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.09409","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2403.09409/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/iXtV93VFraOiUlv2cvvNcaxUFyE04Aqj2yUd9CD9a2muTPWOMChy1qAFZov34PBX1V1y2KM6/sTaECzl2CRAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:28:16.691672Z"},"content_sha256":"0d76b8f536ea56bfd77d7eb174f067fa20ad4d356b4b32407f446d19a2d8695f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0d76b8f536ea56bfd77d7eb174f067fa20ad4d356b4b32407f446d19a2d8695f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T07:28:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:3H2IQSUY722AKMUSNRIQRS5ARO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c6f26e611f186923c1a153a00b8eda8db93878bf4e6e760cb4fab31d844cb1d6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-03-14T14:01:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"08ca98da733c5dc205224f4017ad8797c81076c9acc060c1930bf42186351560"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.09409","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.09409","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.09409v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.09409","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3H2IQSUY722A","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3H2IQSUY722AKMUS","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3H2IQSUY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0d76b8f536ea56bfd77d7eb174f067fa20ad4d356b4b32407f446d19a2d8695f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2403.09409/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Grasping complex computing concepts often poses a challenge for students who struggle to anchor these new ideas to familiar experiences and understandings. To help with this, a good analogy can bridge the gap between unfamiliar concepts and familiar ones, providing an engaging way to aid understanding. However, creating effective educational analogies is difficult even for experienced instructors. We investigate to what extent large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT, can provide access to personally relevant analogies on demand. Focusing on recursion, a challenging threshold concept","authors_text":"Arto Hellas, Juho Leinonen, Lauren Kan, Matt Littlefield, Paul Denny, Sami Sarsa, Seth Bernstein, Stephen MacNeil","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-03-14T14:01:26Z","title":"\"Like a Nesting Doll\": Analyzing Recursion Analogies Generated by CS Students using Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.09409","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e1e13e12232a421f3a37de118318fd87d27279c96a451d95e2159b7375129f82","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c6f26e611f186923c1a153a00b8eda8db93878bf4e6e760cb4fab31d844cb1d6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-03-14T14:01:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"08ca98da733c5dc205224f4017ad8797c81076c9acc060c1930bf42186351560"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.09409","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d9f4884a98feb40532926c5108cba08b82c2580a33f18c08eecaa183e65bf218","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d9f4884a98feb40532926c5108cba08b82c2580a33f18c08eecaa183e65bf218","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02.414902Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02.414902Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wpodPMa0csBqrFS7kh1N5lwJXhsf8cniF5DMiS7A5iV6xXjSsgbF+IxWoAMon1cE0KhSwSZeD2kjWAxjH0gDDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:08:02.415381Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2403.09409","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e1e13e12232a421f3a37de118318fd87d27279c96a451d95e2159b7375129f82","sha256:0d76b8f536ea56bfd77d7eb174f067fa20ad4d356b4b32407f446d19a2d8695f"],"state_sha256":"89b87546a2f1ea946f3b87e62d24acaca5d09b50d76ce9d519c305c216c57e2c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J2kUGM0snDBzhB/n45YUMlmYJq5rAaExXn93SSJcQFWDmTFie+FF52WRhYJet0PYly//2N9oj8/giOS/aveyBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:28:16.695339Z","bundle_sha256":"ad5b97192ec723d87a80555c65f43114aa4aac83d70285538305bb48b650ca53"}}