{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW","short_pith_number":"pith:3IVHHFW2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2511.14992","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-11-19T00:21:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9d429b5c41f6406d11df7ac647fa4bb7645c7d6aa5ad9a23fe54690bb1c6da50","abstract_canon_sha256":"7028011ec73d7db3ced5bee6170f9f794aef80332f72591d58f1c12c14537ad1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"da2a7396da4749f9f84768dfb76a09b590ee2ef7b9b4a70cda02c1d421b6da47","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2511.14992","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2511.14992","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2511.14992v2","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2511.14992","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3IVHHFW2I5E7","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CH","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3IVHHFW2","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2511.14992","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-11-19T00:21:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9d429b5c41f6406d11df7ac647fa4bb7645c7d6aa5ad9a23fe54690bb1c6da50","abstract_canon_sha256":"7028011ec73d7db3ced5bee6170f9f794aef80332f72591d58f1c12c14537ad1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"da2a7396da4749f9f84768dfb76a09b590ee2ef7b9b4a70cda02c1d421b6da47","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54.193131Z","signature_b64":"SSYXxkrtGVP4RN0/zhgDYrBcu3JK8ZlyaTyLWsC5xhLER+R7krQZtYetREUO54rzIgw/juWuKxScgOxcHpDrCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"da2a7396da4749f9f84768dfb76a09b590ee2ef7b9b4a70cda02c1d421b6da47","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54.192705Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54.192705Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2511.14992","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UbYnw/iqxQD5tYY5I3R/E4zeI2gMN4ohdDzNFTqigeFVtSd4ru1XQYyza5JgdrInp/UAVnF65hg/9MTFpF9CDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T00:51:28.929185Z"},"content_sha256":"2084f47c97638f5c1b557b45035589c4fd5551038f6959c6a670631d1db6c9aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2084f47c97638f5c1b557b45035589c4fd5551038f6959c6a670631d1db6c9aa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Estimand-Focused Approach for AUC Generalization and Cross-Study Benchmarking","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Guangcai Mao, Jiajun Liu, Xiaofei Wang","submitted_at":"2025-11-19T00:21:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is the standard measure of a biomarker's discriminatory accuracy; however, AUC is rarely treated as a population-specific estimand. When validation cohorts differ from the intended target population in case mix, Na\\\"ive AUC estimates can mislead both generalization and cross-study comparison. We develop an estimand-focused framework that anchors biomarker AUC inference to a prespecified target population, aligning with the ICH E9(R1) estimand perspective adapted to discrimination rather than treatment effect. The framework supports two scientific goals: gener"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2511.14992","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2511.14992/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9gsglObLl91eS7WHlM2bmM9rnBaIV0lRKuHJqShmgmutMvvpwYtw57EH/DelWOdXd7w1bPnvwoMXKnw2pTkDAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T00:51:28.929684Z"},"content_sha256":"058edcfdf6cd7df5e800fdbe7596d0763a52d96902c7b4cee7cc5eaf867fb6ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:058edcfdf6cd7df5e800fdbe7596d0763a52d96902c7b4cee7cc5eaf867fb6ff"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T00:51:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CHNDP3O2QJWW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7028011ec73d7db3ced5bee6170f9f794aef80332f72591d58f1c12c14537ad1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-11-19T00:21:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"9d429b5c41f6406d11df7ac647fa4bb7645c7d6aa5ad9a23fe54690bb1c6da50"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2511.14992","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2511.14992","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2511.14992v2","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2511.14992","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3IVHHFW2I5E7","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3IVHHFW2I5E7T6CH","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3IVHHFW2","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:058edcfdf6cd7df5e800fdbe7596d0763a52d96902c7b4cee7cc5eaf867fb6ff","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2511.14992/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is the standard measure of a biomarker's discriminatory accuracy; however, AUC is rarely treated as a population-specific estimand. When validation cohorts differ from the intended target population in case mix, Na\\\"ive AUC estimates can mislead both generalization and cross-study comparison. We develop an estimand-focused framework that anchors biomarker AUC inference to a prespecified target population, aligning with the ICH E9(R1) estimand perspective adapted to discrimination rather than treatment effect. The framework supports two scientific goals: gener","authors_text":"Guangcai Mao, Jiajun Liu, Xiaofei Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-11-19T00:21:36Z","title":"An Estimand-Focused Approach for AUC Generalization and Cross-Study Benchmarking"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2511.14992","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2084f47c97638f5c1b557b45035589c4fd5551038f6959c6a670631d1db6c9aa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7028011ec73d7db3ced5bee6170f9f794aef80332f72591d58f1c12c14537ad1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-11-19T00:21:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"9d429b5c41f6406d11df7ac647fa4bb7645c7d6aa5ad9a23fe54690bb1c6da50"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2511.14992","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"da2a7396da4749f9f84768dfb76a09b590ee2ef7b9b4a70cda02c1d421b6da47","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"da2a7396da4749f9f84768dfb76a09b590ee2ef7b9b4a70cda02c1d421b6da47","first_computed_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54.192705Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54.192705Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"SSYXxkrtGVP4RN0/zhgDYrBcu3JK8ZlyaTyLWsC5xhLER+R7krQZtYetREUO54rzIgw/juWuKxScgOxcHpDrCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:54.193131Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2511.14992","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2084f47c97638f5c1b557b45035589c4fd5551038f6959c6a670631d1db6c9aa","sha256:058edcfdf6cd7df5e800fdbe7596d0763a52d96902c7b4cee7cc5eaf867fb6ff"],"state_sha256":"d95c581a4eef280904e42a52484b5c9554393f57401bdbd94651b6cf0f8c0619"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q+03j958/KSOvTcNy5DwzNup4VhaI0fLEwzqu/NUI2hbaFsvL9yBFaOAN+F9rRfSUyRCo/T9gKjmkmTHWzl9AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T00:51:28.933447Z","bundle_sha256":"adebfbde6750b1be8051743e1552892e743fa7be361af5dd8f31ebe77fd2dc29"}}