{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG","short_pith_number":"pith:3IWTEGJG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.05285","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2021-06-09T18:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","hep-ex","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"f06658774a87b909b1dafb5b14cc81059af3778737613b06dac7d1e9170b0ec1","abstract_canon_sha256":"44286337deb4ed0a9e41b58466a182091a1351ab41e29f0cc2a22f671f0e6b01"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"da2d32192672ad186275ab601a1a4c11a251422c0169e92a496526d80aea4213","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.05285","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.05285","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.05285v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.05285","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3IWTEGJGOKWR","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTV","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3IWTEGJG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.05285","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2021-06-09T18:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","hep-ex","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"f06658774a87b909b1dafb5b14cc81059af3778737613b06dac7d1e9170b0ec1","abstract_canon_sha256":"44286337deb4ed0a9e41b58466a182091a1351ab41e29f0cc2a22f671f0e6b01"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"da2d32192672ad186275ab601a1a4c11a251422c0169e92a496526d80aea4213","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28.752575Z","signature_b64":"X58t3cJOFzVJbDsuwepqjnKXHveHBcpZDgz25dNbBuSEJtHBUqkZnTg1JG82gAVap55F+gd8mTXhEt3gD4B5Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"da2d32192672ad186275ab601a1a4c11a251422c0169e92a496526d80aea4213","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28.752148Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28.752148Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2106.05285","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+fkSYypMmo+/39yrRSHmvInnMMmDarBedQABT6w+JB6xwNvMiSbqLs5iHQpKZCFnfUZYi0W2/aEaYMO9iVnwCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T13:07:21.718228Z"},"content_sha256":"ce010afb557622663616b9281335275cf388cc96105f43068f667bbdf99a8e11","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ce010afb557622663616b9281335275cf388cc96105f43068f667bbdf99a8e11"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"CaloFlow: Fast and Accurate Generation of Calorimeter Showers with Normalizing Flows","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","hep-ex","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"Claudius Krause, David Shih","submitted_at":"2021-06-09T18:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce CaloFlow, a fast detector simulation framework based on normalizing flows. For the first time, we demonstrate that normalizing flows can reproduce many-channel calorimeter showers with extremely high fidelity, providing a fresh alternative to computationally expensive GEANT4 simulations, as well as other state-of-the-art fast simulation frameworks based on GANs and VAEs. Besides the usual histograms of physical features and images of calorimeter showers, we introduce a new metric for judging the quality of generative modeling: the performance of a classifier trained to differentia"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.05285","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.05285/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iQrEK+aTqHubflG1LZZ60dcM7pxaOtOUY/6OSwHFAlijyE4nZER1MB6MvS6CmsvrQG3j6q7OYBZjxheEAip8Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T13:07:21.718750Z"},"content_sha256":"3642664ca08b598c4c4bdb5e93cd6258c1dff677189852b177c10c5034db7745","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3642664ca08b598c4c4bdb5e93cd6258c1dff677189852b177c10c5034db7745"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T13:07:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTVVNQBUGSMCG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"44286337deb4ed0a9e41b58466a182091a1351ab41e29f0cc2a22f671f0e6b01","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","hep-ex","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2021-06-09T18:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"f06658774a87b909b1dafb5b14cc81059af3778737613b06dac7d1e9170b0ec1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.05285","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.05285","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.05285v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.05285","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3IWTEGJGOKWR","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3IWTEGJGOKWRQYTV","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3IWTEGJG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3642664ca08b598c4c4bdb5e93cd6258c1dff677189852b177c10c5034db7745","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2106.05285/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce CaloFlow, a fast detector simulation framework based on normalizing flows. For the first time, we demonstrate that normalizing flows can reproduce many-channel calorimeter showers with extremely high fidelity, providing a fresh alternative to computationally expensive GEANT4 simulations, as well as other state-of-the-art fast simulation frameworks based on GANs and VAEs. Besides the usual histograms of physical features and images of calorimeter showers, we introduce a new metric for judging the quality of generative modeling: the performance of a classifier trained to differentia","authors_text":"Claudius Krause, David Shih","cross_cats":["cs.LG","hep-ex","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2021-06-09T18:00:02Z","title":"CaloFlow: Fast and Accurate Generation of Calorimeter Showers with Normalizing Flows"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.05285","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ce010afb557622663616b9281335275cf388cc96105f43068f667bbdf99a8e11","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"44286337deb4ed0a9e41b58466a182091a1351ab41e29f0cc2a22f671f0e6b01","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","hep-ex","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2021-06-09T18:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"f06658774a87b909b1dafb5b14cc81059af3778737613b06dac7d1e9170b0ec1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.05285","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"da2d32192672ad186275ab601a1a4c11a251422c0169e92a496526d80aea4213","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"da2d32192672ad186275ab601a1a4c11a251422c0169e92a496526d80aea4213","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28.752148Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28.752148Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"X58t3cJOFzVJbDsuwepqjnKXHveHBcpZDgz25dNbBuSEJtHBUqkZnTg1JG82gAVap55F+gd8mTXhEt3gD4B5Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:28.752575Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2106.05285","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ce010afb557622663616b9281335275cf388cc96105f43068f667bbdf99a8e11","sha256:3642664ca08b598c4c4bdb5e93cd6258c1dff677189852b177c10c5034db7745"],"state_sha256":"dbb820ee7be7624b6cfdc1532cf7bad34007d56389e7420d1b236f07f43d4954"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qTuLnifXw+8bBpBOLXRHHvBF2F4C5dXzdZ9BAGOEil6B8KfDTUrNpZI5vbjyHRtTafK5Ij3lWwq3uUke0idPBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T13:07:21.722437Z","bundle_sha256":"f131d2c29326a246742dc6ed8bc4354d25f0f29d4ad81723a3f8bf57c1932ad2"}}